DNA Fingerprinting

DNA contains genetic material and information that makes up each individual trait. Every person can be identified by providing his or her genetic information based on a particular DNA strand. DNA information is an effective way of identifying persons if it is used properly. It is used to identify humans in different situations such as crime scenes, accident scenes, paternity testing, soldier remain identification, inheritance claims, missing person investigations, and convicted felon databases. Although there are different ways to identify DNA, the most common method is DNA fingerprinting. The process that was used in the lab experiment was gel electrophoresis.Before DNA fingerprinting, a different method called Blood typing was used. This method was used to identify people by taking a sample of dried blood. But this method had some disadvantages; for example, many people who receive blood by transfusionundergo changes in their blood characteristics,making difficult the blood typing; also, blood typing required an amount of body fluid that sometimes was not enough or that other times was deteriorated, making it impossible to do the blood typing. So, because of these disadvantages, DNA fingerprinting began to be used as a forensic tool.Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFPL’s) is a restriction enzyme that recognizes a specific strand of the nucleotides in DNA. This strand is different in every individual; the restriction enzymes cut the part of the DNA strand that is different, and it is used in gel electrophoresis to identify a person. For example, in crime scene investigations the DNA sample that is found is compared with the sample of suspects bythe gel electrophoresis procedure in order todetermine if the suspect committed a crime.When doing the gel electrophoresis process,different DNA strands are set in the lanes of the gel, and they are run by an electrochemical gradient from negative to positive to separate these strands. When the strands separate, they group themselves in bands. The shortest bands travel at higher speed; therefore, they are found at the end of the gel. This experiment gives the possibility to identify which bands are the same to the  one that was found in the scene, allowingreaching the objective, which is to uncover who is responsible at the crime scene.MATERIALSRestriction enzyme Colored micro-tubes contain DNA samples DNA loading dye Agarose gel Pipet Tips Electrophoresis apparatus TAE Buffer Centrifuge 120 ml of 100X blue stain. Tray 40 to 50 Celsius of tap water. IceMETHODS1. In the lab experiment DNA samples were provided in colored micro-tubes that were incubated in ice.2. 5 ulof DNA loading dye were placed in each sample tube and each tube was flipped gently with afinger. 3. A centrifuge was used to mix the DNA sample with the loading dye. 4. Theagarose gel was placed with thetop of the gel to the negative side in electrophoresis apparatus, and the electrophoresis box was filled with TAE buffer until it had completely covered the gel. 5. A pipet was used with different tips, and DNA samples were loaded into different lanes of the gel in the following order: Lane 2: DNA sizes marker 10ulLane 3: Suspect one, 20 ul Lane 4: Suspect two, 20 ul Lane 5: Suspect three, 20 ul Lane 6: Suspect four, 20 ul Lane 7: Suspect five, 20 ul6. The lid was placed in the electrophoresis chamber and plugged into the power supply. The power supply was turned on and the samples were electrophoresed at 100V for 30 minutes. 7. After that, the gel was removed carefully from the gel box and placed in a tray. 8. 120 ml of 100X fast blast of DNA stain was added. The gel was stained for two minutes with gentle movement. 9. The gel was transferred into a large tray and the gel was rinsed with warm tap water twice, with gentle shaking.The gel was leftto dry for 24 hours.Loadind dye was Centrifuge wasused Gel was placed DNA samples were placed in each to mix DNA and electrophoresis loaded in the gel micro-tube samplesloading dyeapparatusElectrophoresis Gel was placed in aGel was transferred Gel was rinse until chamberwas connected tray filled with to a clean tray the excess of stain to the power supply stain with warn tap water was removedRESULTSGel ElectrophoresisMolecular marker Crime Scene Suspect 1 Suspect 2 Suspect 3 Suspect 4 Suspect 5 Band Distance (mm) Actual size (bp) Distance (mm) Approx Size (bp) Distance (mm) Approx. Size (bp Distance (mm) Approx. Size (bp) Distance (mm) Approx. Size (bp) Distance (mm) Approx Size (bp) Distance (mm) Approx Size (bp 1 4 23,000 10 5,700 12 5,000 12 5,000 10 5,700 12 5,000 12 5,000 2 7 9,400 12 5,000 17 2,500 15 4,400 12 5,000 18 2,300 14 4,600 3 9 6,500 19 2,250 18 2,300 17 2,500 19 2,250 22 2,200 19 2,250 4 15 4,4005 18 2,3006 22 2,000DNA Bands Data TableBased on the results of the gel electrophoresis, suspect number three’s DNA sample matches with the crime scene sample, not only because they look the same, but also because o f the distance that strands travel along the gel, and the base pairs that they contain. The DNA bands of the crime scene sample were found at 10, 12, and 19 mm, instead of the bands of suspect numbers one, two, four, and five,which were found at different distances than the crime scene sample. Only the bands that correspond to suspect number three were found with similar distances to the crime scene one. Finally, the base pairs of the DNA bands of suspect number three and of the one found in the crime scene were 5,700 bp for the first set of DNA bands, 5,000bp for the second set, and 2,250 bpfor the third set. All of these results indicate that suspect number three was responsible for the crime committed in the crime scene.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONSIn conclusion, DNA fingerprinting and electrophoresis were used to determine the size of the unique strand cut by restriction enzymes that identifies the individual who was responsible in the crime scene. This lab taught how to conduct an electrophoresis experiment, and how importantthe use of this method is to solve a problem that is common in society. In this process different DNA samples were provided, and after doing the electrophoresis experiment, it was found that the suspect committed the crime. DNA profiling, whichwascalled at first DNA fingerprinting, is used for other purposes, as was mentioned earlier. One of those is paternity  testing.At this time, this method has become less difficult than what people may believe. Some laboratories provide this service, sending to their clients a kitwith everything that is needed to collect a sample of DNA.This sample, which could be a small portion of cheek tissue taken with a swab and put in a labeled envelope, is returned to the lab to be analyzed. Sometimes when this type of test is required for legal reasons, the sample to be evaluatedis taken under supervisionin order to avoid any intentional errors. DNA fingerprinting and profiling have become common processes , but also these have become very important because they help to get accurate results by using genetic information in order to solve different situations such as a crime or paternity identification.

Hardware Store Case Analysis Essay

A. Do you agree with Fred’s decision to conduct the training and use the third vendor? Using concepts from the chapter, explain your answer. When it comes to Fred’s decision making in reference to using a third party vendor for training purposes, I believe that Fred made the best decision possible. Now, Fred based his decision purely on the fact that it embodies a quotation contained customized meetings in adjacent to the sales force for better understanding of the training course, along with being economical. In addition, customized meetings are essential because it allows the sales force team to be able to ask any questions they might feel needs to be addressed. On the other hand, this kind of training allows the sales team to make better decisions based on the new training material provided, so conducting classes on a smaller (size) scale will foster a better learning environment and faster hands on approach on the job site. In accordance, training that provide reenactments of past experiences or future awareness training for client handling enables the trainees to get a full picture of any problems that might arise customer service wise. B. What else might Fred do before choosing a training package? Use information provided in Chapters 2, 3, and 4 to describe your approach. Make sure to provide enough detail to dem- onstrate your understanding of the key issues and approaches to determining how to proceed once a triggering event  has occurred. Another thing that Fred might do before choosing a training package is requesting for referrals from the company to support him in selecting the specific organization or look elsewhere. Fred’s decision-making involves time and money being spent. Therefore, in order for Fred to want to make this kind of investment, Fred should first contact the organizations already practicing this type of training program in order to gain their insight and if they were successful based on real life experiences. In conjunction, Fred needs to make sure that whatever organization he decides to hire to train all his employees, Fred must make sure that the other organizations objectives align with his company’s training objectives. Moving forward, the key to finding a great training partner is by identifying the training strategy through requirements theory for motivating the trainees. Fred, can use the requirement theory by allowing the training organizations to ask the prime questions, whi ch is what does Fred expect his employees to learn in the training? thus identifying the final objective of Fred. Furthermore, if the organization conducting the training meets Fred’s requirements, then they can measure his mission and encourage his employees to efficiently train in accordance to motivating them as well. Once, Fred carries out his plan on finding the best external training organization, the external organization would be more receptive to using good reinforcement for their training & development techniques. The trainees can then get accustomed to being rewarded with a positive reinforcement when they do something right. Therefore, Fred needs to adapt his organization to meet the training & development-learning environment once the training organization is done with their training contract. Fred needs to make any adjustments to his training in an effort to run his business as planned. In order for Fred to experience a successful training, Fred needs to focus on the primary objective, which is making sure his employees are retaining the training material, as well as influencing them in a positive manner. However, Fred needs to request a small demonstration of the entire procedure, because it will help Fred know first-hand if the training organization material is connecting with his employees, and identify if the training material is appropriate with Fred’s objectives. C. If training went ahead as indicated, how successful do you think it would be? Explain your answer using concepts from this chapter. In addition, if training went ahead as indicated, it would be prosperous giving the fact that the program will enable the employees to partake in personalizing their own training. Therefore, Fred needs to double check that the training organization are using methods that meet his organizations objectives in order for the training to be categorized as being efficient. In the beginning, if the training organizations trainers are aware and fully understand the final objective, the training will be effective. Another thing to note is that Fred needs to reaffirm that the training organization is currently offering the specific training required by Fred, and that they are using the right training methods, right motivators and are utilizing reinforcements according to Fred’s expectations. Thus, if Fred checks off his checklist, then there is no reason why his organization should not be effective on accomplishing his objective. After training, the employees will be better prepared at their jobs, and can be more efficient on training other workers, thus benefiting the organization. This training process will also make sure that their customer service is being handled on a timely manner, and with the upmost service. Therefore, ultimately this would benefit both the training organization and Fred’s organization because Fred was able to find the best training organization, which in turn makes his training run effectively.

Entomology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Entomology - Essay Example The narrator's speech pattern, even ignoring her natural accent, is stilted, unnatural, and uncomfortable, making the watcher very aware of the presence of the camera in the room with the speaker. However, as this is a documentary about insects, who obviously do not normally speak at all, it is possible that such awareness of the presence of a camera in the room with the narrator is inevitable. The narrator does not shy away from using the scientifically correct terms for the parts of the insects' genitalia, helping to return the video to a more clinical and scientific feeling than the costumes and acting style would otherwise provide to this documentary. The use of cardboard cut-outs to play the role of the Queen bee in the mating scene avoids any level of eroticism in the scene. This and the use of clinical language helps to remind the viewer that what they are watching is a documentary, not a joke or a spoof short film as it can at times feel. There is much that could be done to m ake this film feel more professional and scientific, even if the purpose of the films is to reach a general audience. This film seems to lack a professional touch that would make it believable and credible to the average movie-goer. However, despite any other possible failings of her films, Rossellini definitely manages to be different from most insect and animal life documentaries. It is certainly more interesting and more entertaining than most films I have seen in the documentary genre. Strange as this movie may seem to the viewer, it does succeed in making the honey bee mating practices unforgettable. I will never now be able to remove the image of the actor portraying the male bee, bleeding to death from his groin as the cardboard Queen flies away with a large stick, representing the male's severed penis, jammed through "her" body. Nor will I be able to forget the image of the cubes of red Jell-o, representing the royal jelly, being offered to a small baby wrapped in a blanket, representing the larval Queen. While the biological informational content of the entire video is rather low, it succeeds in its fundamental purpose: providing an audience made up of non-scientifically-educated adults with basic knowledge of bees and their life cycle. Another documentary in the â€Å"Green Porno† series, on praying mantis mating habits, uses a similar costume design style, but also added in some interesting color and light effects to focus the viewer's attention on the narrator's voice instead of the actual speaker. This video features a model of a praying mantis built of paper or cardboard that resembles an origami sculpture. The general feel of this video is one of simplicity, rather than the previous documentary's cheap feel, though the cheesy effect remains to a certain extent. The video is extremely short and fast, probably to imitate the mating habits of the subject species in question. It exemplifies the life span of the male praying mantis, that he ex ists only to copulate with the female and to feed her so she will bear his young. The video, his life, and the time period of the actual mating all exist only briefly. Again, the level of scientific knowledge imparted by this video is low but functional. Rossellini greatly simplifies the life and habits of the bees and praying mantis, but manages not to take such simplification to the point of error as so often

The Iliad by Homer and The Aeneid by Virgil Essay

The Iliad by Homer and The Aeneid by Virgil - Essay Example Honor takes on different roles within each book. In The Iliad, Greek hero Achilles is ruled by personal honor. The concept is used in an individualistic manner. Achilles strives forth in his heroic efforts to be remembered throughout the ages. In Book IX, Odysseus tells Achilles that he can achieve personal honor and glory by saving the Achaians. Honor in The Aeneid is not individualistic. The Roman hero Aeneas is bound in honor to his duties of state and to the people. His exploits are done for his countrymen and for the Republic. In Book II, he recounts their tale to Dido, although reluctantly. Aeneas describes their story as a "sad remembrance" and that "I will restrain my tears and briefly tell, What in our last and fatal night befell" (26). In Book XII of The Aeneid, Aeneas displays honor by agreeing to single combat to save the lives of many. Aeneas fights Turnus, in hopes of ending the battle and returning peace to the Latins and Laurentum. Aeneas will also win the hand of Lavinia in marriage. Aeneas wounds Turnus, then slays him. Thus the war meets its end and the epic therefore ends. In Book XXII of The Iliad, Achilles instance of honor is quite different. Achilles fights in single combat against Hektor. Hektor is not a willing participant and only agrees after he is promised assistance from Athena. Achilles casts his spear first but misses. Hektor hits the center of Achilles shield with his spear. Achilles wins by stabbing Hektor in the throat. After dragging the dead body behind a horse for 9 days, he is humbled by Hektor's parents pleas. He returns the body, with thoughts of his own father on his mind. Honorable intentions have impacted the lives of many in these epic stories. Fate has a hand in affecting events as well. Fate in these stories involves two parts. There are laws that govern mens lives: human mortality and the afterlife. It is believed that there is a period of limbo in which the souls of the recently deceased pass through if left unburied. Another part of fate is the view that the outcome of certain events cannot be changed by man or God(s). In The Aeneid, Aeneas' journey is predestined and unalterable to Italy. The unification of the Trojans and the Latins is another predestined event, causing the formation of a new race. Human mortality and the afterlife are shown when Aeneas is taken to Hades to visit his father. In Book VI, Aeneas sees Deiphobus who is not as he was in life: "Whose face and limbs were one continued wound: Dishonest, with lopp'd arms, the youth appears, Spoil'd of his nose, and shorten'd of his ears" (135). In The Iliad, there is an unalterable predestined occurrence. Hekuba has a dream and foretells of the fall of Troy. In this dream, her son Paris will be the cause. Achilles is also predestined to die during the Trojan war, since he is mortal. His death was delayed somewhat by the fact that his mother dipped him in the river Styx. Human mortality and the afterlife are exemplified when Patroclos' spirit returns. In Book XXIII, he reminds Achilles that until he is buried he must wander the earth. This happenstance also supports the concept of the period of limbo souls await if left unburied. With fate often times comes strife. For Greeks, life is based on strife. If strife was avoided, then life was avoided. For Romans, strife is part of fulfilling a destiny. The trials test a leader, who himself does not often see the

Performance against the Project baseline Research Paper

Performance against the Project baseline - Research Paper Example This involves Earned Value Management technique is employed to measure the project performance against the planned baselines and to forecast any deviations from the planned activities to bring project variations within acceptable limits. Planned expenditures, budgeted expenditures and actual expenditures form the basis of Earned Value calculations. In 1960’s, US Navy formally began to use this technique in their projects. It was later made more user-friendly based on define set criteria by National Defense Industrial Association to effectively employ this technique in public and private sector projects (David, 1994). Earned Value Management is the most commonly employed method, which relates project scope, cost and schedule for measurement of project performance. The most common metrics used to measure the project performance are Cost Variance (CV) and Schedule Variance (SV). The variance in CV and SV decreases as more work is accomplished towards project completion. Also values of acceptable variances in CV and SV can be determined early during the project planning (Charles, 2010). 3.4 Cost Variance (CV). Difference in Earned value (EV) and actual cost (AC) gives the cost variance. At the project completion, cost variance can be calculated as difference of Budget at Completion (BAC) and Actual Cost incurred. 3.6 Cost Performance Index (CPI). Cost Performance Index (CPI) is a ratio of Earned Value (EV) to Actual Cost (AC). CPI value is a cost efficiency indicator showing either a cost overrun (less than 1) or a cost underrun (greater than 1). 4.1 Project Baseline. Earned Value Techniques relate Earned Value against the project baselines. More accurate the project baseline is, more beneficial would be outcome of earned value management, Thus, cost overruns would occur if project is under budgeted and scope creep would occur if project scope baseline is not

In your essay, discuss what you have learned about managing a change Essay

In your , discuss what you have learned about managing a change in an organisation of your choice. Support your argument by drawing on at least 3 key readings from this modules lectures and tutorials - Essay Example As a result of globalization and emerging technologies, the business environment continues to evolve and thus; the need for organizations to adapt to the new changes and change management. In addition, during the change management process, organizations need to engage in a thoughtful planning and a sensitive implementation that involves consulting with persons affected by the new changes (Schein 1993, p.27). In a multinational company such as Coca Cola, managing change should encompass a process that involves consulting with stakeholders concerning the proposed changes to improve the firm’s performance. This is because, the stakeholders form part of the Company and any change affect their interest in the Company. Among the stakeholders that the firm needs to consult in regard to change management include the shareholders, the firm’s personnel, suppliers and customers of Coca-Cola products. Consulting stakeholders during a change management process is important in the sense that it helps to deal with dissenting voices not comfortable with the proposed changes. Consultation in essence helps to raise concerns that need to be resolved before adapting new plans to improve performance. Prior to implementing any change, the Company need to consider various factors that include assessing the proposed change and what the change may achieve in the long run. Further, it is important to determine the persons who might be affected by the proposed changes and their reaction to such change. This assessment will help the organization come up with an implementation plan acceptable to all major stakeholders of the Coca-Cola Company. The change agent in this sense, should come up with strategies to make the people affected by proposed changes understand the reason for change. This is a way of enabling the people affected to play a role in decision making regarding change

Effect of Globalization on Qatar Architectural identity Case Study

Effect of Globalization on Qatar Architectural identity - Case Study Example In the past five decades, the world has experienced high levels of globalization. These result from liberalizations of markets, efficient flow of information, and integration of economies. Media flows and technological breakthroughs such as internet and TV have made it easy for people in Qatar to share ideas with their counterparts who are located in different parts of the world. This has created a global culture which has led to erosion of the local culture which was unique to the local population. The architectural sector has been largely affected by these changes of events. Initially, architectures were using specific designs that were unique to the Qatari people. This made the country unique. The social aspects of the local people were taken into consideration when designing new buildings, roads, etc. This played a significant role in maintaining the country’s identity. People felt connected to the local designs. However, globalization has opened up boundaries for the loca l people to move to different parts of the world (Ljungstrom, 2013). However, Qatar has also experienced an influx of foreigners who have introduced new designs in the architectural sector. In addition, people have access to internet and social media. As a result, they are able to interact with other people across the world, an aspect that has changed their perception towards the local identity. As a result, they have started to adopt change. This has forced the industry to look for innovative ideas which will attract the attention of the local people. Over the years, Qatar was little known for its Architectural innovativeness. People were using similar designs to develop their towns. The architectural sector was less developed and people working in this sector were not flexible. As a result, they were not willing to adapt to changes despite other

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 14

Assignment - Essay Example This allows each department to focus on one task, allowing the company to work faster. Some of the key departments in a company may be the finance department or the sales department. 3) Chain of command is how management delegates authority to individuals throughout a workplace (Chain of Command). Instead of one manager delegating tasks, department managers can give instructions as they see fit. A normal chain of command would have the president at the top, followed by the vice-president, and so on. 4) Span of control is the number of employees that a manager has under his or her control at one time. Department managers would have a span of control over the employees who they are responsible for. 5) Centralization is the process where key decisions are taken only by top management. On the other hand, decentralization places trust in employees lower down the food chain and allows them to make decisions for

Tax on Tobacco in the UK Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tax on Tobacco in the UK - Coursework Example Tobacco tax in the UK has increased over the years, data collected from the tobacco manufacturers association (2009) shows that in 1990 the amount of tax per 20 cigarettes amounted to 1.2 pounds while in 2009 the tax had increased to 4.34, the following chart summarises taxes over the years: The above chart shows an increase in the level of tax per 20 cigarettes for the period 1990 to 2009. However according to the ACT on tobacco and health state that despite this increase in taxes, tobacco taxes are only adjusted in line with the rate of inflation and therefore have no major effect on tobacco consumption. Tobacco taxes are imposed for various reasons, these taxes are imposed in order to reduce tobacco use in the economy and therefore improve public health. However, the price elasticity of tobacco is an important factor to consider when imposing the tax in order to determine whether the price increase will reduce consumption to the desired level. Price elasticity of demand refers to the decline in demand when the prices are increased, the price elasticity value identifies the sensitivity of demand to a price change, price elasticity value of negative one means that a 4% increase in price will increase reduce demand by 4%, a value greater than negative one example -0.05 means that the demand is price inelastic while a value less than negative one example -4 means that we have relative elasticity, the following diagram demonstrates the nature of these demand curves that are inelastic, unitary and elastic. (Gregory Mankiw, 2002) From the above diagrams, it is evident that in diagram one a price increase by one from price 1 to price 2 will reduce demand by one unit from quantity 2 to quantity 1, the price elasticity value here will be -1 and, therefore we have unitary elasticity.

An Example of Successful Change Essay Example for Free

An Example of Successful Change Essay Introduction Why is Wal-Mart so Successful? Is it Good Strategy or Good Strategy Implementation? In 1962, when Sam Walton opened the first Wal-Mart store in Rogers, Arkansas, no one could have ever predicted the enormous success this small-town merchant would have. Sam Waltons talent for discount retailing not only made Wal-Mart the worlds largest retailer, but also the worlds number one retailer in sales. Sam Walton has made certain changes that help Wal-Mart to achieve its success today. His change techniques involve changing people, technology, and product. Indeed, Wal-Mart was named Retailer of the Decade by Discount Store News in 1989, and on several occasions has been included in Fortunes list of the 10 most admired corporations. Changing People Wal-Mart is successful not only because it makes sound strategic management decisions, but also for its innovative implementation of those strategic decisions. In order to become a superstore, Wal-Mart decided to change the skill level of its workforce. Waltons greatest accomplishment was his ability to empower, enrich, and train his employees. He believed in listening to employees and challenging them to come up with ideas and suggestions to make the company better. At each of the Wal-Mart stores, signs are displayed which read, Our People Make the Difference. Associates regularly make suggestions for cutting costs through their Yes We Can Sam program. The sum of the savings generated by the associates actually paid for the construction of a new store in Texas. One of Wal-Marts goals was to provide its employees with the appropriate tools to do their jobs efficiently. The technology was not used as a means of replacing existing employees, but to provide them with a means to succeed in the retail market (Thompson and Strickland 93). Changing Product Wal-Mart stores operate according to their Everyday Low Price philosophy. They provide customers access to quality goods, to make these goods available when and where customers want them, to develop a cost structure that enables competitive pricing, and to build and maintain a reputation for absolute trustworthiness (Evan, Shulman, and Stalk, 55). Through Sam Waltons Buy America policy, Wal-Mart encourages its buyers and merchandise managers to stock stores with American-made products. In a 1993 annual report management stated the program demonstrates a long-standing Wal-Mart commitment to our customers that we will buy American-made products whenever we can if those products deliver the same quality and affordability as their foreign-made counterparts (Thompson Strickland 68). With a variety of product and low cost, Wal-Mart has attracted more consumers. Changing Technology Wal-Mart has invested heavily in its unique cross-docking inventory system. Cross docking has enabled Wal-Mart to achieve economies of scale which reduces its costs of sales. With this system, goods are continuously delivered to stores within 48 hours and often without having to inventory them. Lower prices also eliminate the expense of frequent sales promotions and sales are more predictable. Cross docking gives the individual managers more control at the store level. A company owned transportation system also assists Wal-Mart in shipping goods from warehouse to store in less than 48 hours. This allows Wal-Mart to replenish the shelves 4 times faster than its competition. Wal-Mart owns the largest and most sophisticated computer system in the private sector. It uses a massively parallel processor computer system to track stock and movement which keeps it abreast of fast changes in the market (Daugherty 24). Information related to sales and inventory is disseminated via its advanced satellite communications system. Conclusion Sam Walton, a leader with an innovative vision, started his own company and made it into the leader in discount retailing that it is today. Through his savvy, and sometimes unusual, business practices, he and his associates led the company forward for thirty years. Today the company is still growing steadily. Wal-Mart executives continue to rely on many of the traditional goals and philosophies that Sams legacy left behind, while simultaneously keeping one step ahead of the ever-changing technology and methods of todays fast-paced business environment. The future also looks bright for Wal-Mart, especially if it is able to continue its customer-driven culture, it should remain a retail industry leader well into the next century.

How Globalisation Has Impacted On Liberal Democracies Politics Essay

How Globalisation Has Impacted On Liberal Democracies Politics Essay In this day and age, people enjoy various global sharing resources, and also what is the main contribution of globalisation. Globalisation is a word which is known to every household, which covers all aspects of human life, such as economic, culture, and politics. As the dominant form of modern political system, modern liberal democracy has also impacted by the progress of globalisation, and also has already influence countries which are illiberal democracy in the worldwide range. This essay will illustrate what the term of globalisation is, what the term of modern liberal democracy is and how globalisation has impacted on the nature and functions of modern liberal democracies, furthermore take China as an example to illustrate how globalisation impact on the nature and functions of modern liberal democracies. What is globalization? Globalisation is a word become popular in recent years. First of all, globalisation is a process, during this process people interact and integrate as a whole it has impacts on economic development and prosperity, on cultural, also on political systems all over the world (globalization101.org, n.d.). During this internationalised process, we can enjoy news, films, food, and culture among different countries all over the world. The process of globalisation has promoted mutual understanding to other countries and cultures which are developing in different background. More specific, the process of globalisation firstly derived from the international trade and, among this global economic progress the Eastern and Western worlds impact each other on all aspects of human life and the world system, just as Angermà ¼ller etc (2004) illustrates that globalisastion is a progress which is a fact and continuous, it is celebrated by neo-liberal economists as the highest stage of economic developm ent, where goods, services, money and knowledge have highly movable on a world wide range. At the same time, World Trade Organisation (WTO) becomes the inevitable outcome of globalisation, which are 153 national members are included all over the world and, at a global or near global level it deals with the rules of trade between nations. Which is an organization for liberalizing trade and operated under a system of trade rules(World trade organization, n.d.). In addition, the media information globalisation is another significant characteristic of globalisation. Along with the development of information technology, westerner culture and oriental cultural infiltration into each other and results in no obvious limits among their life style, for instance, people from East can enjoy the food from the West, such as pizza, spaghetti and hamburger, also, the Western can enjoy the Eastern food, such as boiled dumplings. Furthermore, even their policies, for instance, as a socialist country China government has made the policy of reformation and opening in the seventh decade of twenty century to adapting globalisation, I will expound this in the following part of this essay. What is liberal democracy? Dunleavy and OLeary(1987,pp.5-6) state thatliberal democracy is a system of representative government by majority rule in which some individual rights are nonetheless protected from interference by the state and cannot be restricted even by an electoral majority. More specifically, liberal democracy is a kind of representative democracy, which mean the people under the policy of liberal democracy can elect free, which is following the main thought of the Enlightment. Liberty democracy can be illustrated as a form that the people elect the party which can represent their will to exercising power of making decisions to the state. From ancient times to the present, liberty is always one of the key words of the Western politics, as Dunleavy and OLeary (1987) shows that liberal democracy is the key word which we can using to analyzing the role of the state and, it is also the cornerstone of value of Western liberal democracy, which is based on the theory of freedom and rights of individua ls and, which is mentioned by a lot of thinkers such as Plato, Locke, Hobbes, Marx and so on. With the continuous development of history, with the addition of the contribution of globalisation, liberal democracy is no longer the political system of the English-speaking world. The following section of this essay will focus on how globalisation has influenced the operating of liberal democracy. How globalisation impact on liberal democracies? In this day and age, the global economy is now undergoing a rapid and profound transformation. Moreover, this transformation has adjusting on the relationship between countries. According to the process of globalisation was firstly derived from the international trade, to a certain extent, capital can be considered as the motive force of the globalization. In order to get more capital, countries all over the world constantly adjust their own policies to adapt to the development of globalisation. In spite of what form of the politic systems of different countries, the economic globalisation has already leaded to a fuzzy boundary of politics in a world wide range. It seems verbose to mention that according to the internationalism, the establishment and their functions of Europe Union (EU) and United Nations (UN), which make some specific region and some specific countries operating as a whole under the process of economic globalisation. Bruce Bueno de Mesquita and Downs (2005) have sho wn that it was predicted that economic globalisation would result in political liberalization and, eventually, democracy. However, this political globalistion is mainly displayed as Eastern is affected by Western over the last several decades, which is because of the Western capitalism countries dominating capital in a world wide range. Nonetheless, along with the development of the economic globalization this situation of the Western capitalism countries dominating capital in a world wide range has changed in the resent years, more specifically, particularly after the financial crisis, there is no longer for one or minority of the capitalist great powers to dominate the world, at the same time, it is turns out that the world political and economic are more open to more diversified, which is a chance of other countries to improve their power of economic, furthermore it can also impact the balance of their policies. Such as Zheng(2004) illustrates in his book, globlisation has create d challenges and opportunities to the global world and also particularly for the developing countries, of course, there no exception of China. In spite of China is a socialist country, we can also take China as an example to illustrate how globalisation impact on the nature and functions of modern liberal democracies, indeed, I personally think that take a socialist country as an example can prove how globalisation impact on the nature and functions of modern liberal democracies more influential. It is generally believed that as a socialist country, China has created a significantly development during the past decades, which is attributed the success to the specific process of globalisation in China. Science the Deng Xiaoping opened Chinas door to the global in the late 1970s China has integrated into the world at a significant pace. In the beginning of implement the reform and open-door policy capitalism was illegally, after Deng Xiaopings south tour in early 1992, capitalism was legitimised (Zheng, 2004). Science then, the Chinese economic has developed dramatically. At the meantime, also as Zheng (2004) shows in his book that as a member of World Trade Organisation(WTO) and other primary world and regional organisations, China now has been an integral part of the world. It is can be seen that order to adapting the requirement of the economic globlalisation, the policymakers of China have made policy and adjusted itself to adapting globalisation. In this case, money flow is the main power to drive the situation of the whole world. Furthermore, globalisation has drive developing countries such as China an opportunity for state transformation which re-making their state systems (Zheng, 2004). If there is no process which can influence the whole world as globalisation how China and other countries making their policy to adapt the requirements of capitalism, how can China making the open-door policy and how can China to be a membership of World Trade Organisation(WTO), that is, during the process of globalisation, there are a lot of boundaries becoming indistinct, for instance, the boundary of culture between countries, the boundary of political forms of different political landscapes. Conclusion To sum up, it is easily can be seen that globalisation has already been an irresistible trend, the process of globalisation firstly derived from the international trade and, among this global economic progress, the Eastern and Western worlds impact each other on all aspects of human life and the world system, in fact, it is mainly displayed as the developing Western world influence developing countries. Along with the progress of globalisation, it has covered all aspects of human life, such as economic, culture, and politics. As the main political form of capitalism, liberal democracy has already disseminated by economic globalisation, just take China as an example, which is originally an unalloyed socialist country, under the impact of economic globlisation China re-making its policy appropriately to adapt the power of capitalism, which plays the main role of the world economic system. In another words, it can be seen as an evidence of which the nature and functions of liberal democ racy has been disseminate by globalisation, at the same time, the impaction which is coursed by globalisation to the nature and functions of liberal democracy can also to be seen as the impaction on the nature and functions of liberal democracy coursed by proliferation of capital, on account of what I have mentioned before, in fact the process of globalisation is dominated by the power of capital. Word count: 1601

The Holocaust and the Cultivation of Bigotry and Hate Essay examples --

The Holocaust and the Cultivation of Bigotry and Hate   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1933, the Jewish population of Europe was about 9.5 million people. The number represented more than 60 percent of the world's Jewish population at that time, estimated at 15.3 million. So how could two out of every three European Jews be dead by the end of World War 2? The answer to this question lies in the hands of Adolph Hitler. Adolph Hitler has helped destroy the lives of millions of families around the world, but how was he able to take part in these mass killing of Jews all around Europe.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Adolph Hitler was 18, he became interested in German nationalism, because he lived on the German-Austrian border. He became interested in politics, only after failing in art. Hitler became close friends with the mayor of Vienna, Karl Lueger. Lueger was an anti-Semite and Jew hater. Even though Hitler still had a few Jewish friends, the messages from Lueger began to sink in. In World War 1, Hitler volunteered his services to Germany, claiming a sense of pride and belonging to the German army. He was not a great solider, but Hitler was stoic, loyal, and courageous. After the war he became increasingly anti-Semitic, which won the attention of his superiors. The Rise of the Nazi party   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At the end of 1919, the German army had Hitler, now age 30, and looks into an organization called the German Worker?s Party. Soon after, Hitler joined and became head of propaganda. The party fiercely attacked Communism, and was heavily anti-Semitic. As more and more people feared Communist revolution in Germany, the more and more people joined the party. In 1920, Hitler modified a common ancient symbol to form the swastika, or twisted cross, as a symbol for his party. He then changed the name of the party to the National Socialist German Worker?s Party, or, in the shortened German form, the NAZI party. By 1921, the Nazi party had over 3000 members, mostly drawing in large numbers of ultra-conservatives from Munich. Between 1921 and 1923, Germany had collapsed into financial ruin. Germany was presented with a 33 billion dollar bill, as reparations as a result of World War I. Inflation hit the roof, and the economy was finished. Life savings were completely wiped o ut. As a result, riots broke out. These riots incited extremist political groups into action, quickly bringing Germany to the brink of chao... ...shootings could have been prevented, but instead families and friends will never see their loved ones again. One of the signs that this nation is learning about being sensitive about others feelings is with the South?s flag. That flag may represent the South to many, but to some it represents racism. So after many protest, arguments, and cries, the flag was changed to a new one. That is just a small example of how a giant nation like America could change for the compassion of others. If we could do it then anyone could. Works Cited Doraplean, Andreas. "Adolf Hitler." Microsoft Encarta Multimedia Encyclopedia. CD- ROM. Microsoft Multimedia. 2005 Franklin, Mike. "We Must Remember the Holocaust." 1990. <http://www- tech.mit.edu/V110/N20/frankl.20o.html> (4/26/07) Hilberg, Raul. "Holocaust." Microsoft Encarta Multimedia Encyclopedia. CD- ROM. Microsoft Multimedia. 2005 Keegan, John. The Second World War. New York: Penguin Books, 1989. 79-468. Korn, Joey. "Abe's Story: Excerpts & Synopsis." 1995.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  <http://remember.org/abe/excerpts.html> (4/26/07) Stone, Alan A. "Spielberg?s Success." 1993. http://bostonreview.mit.edu/Br19.3/Stone.html (4/26/01) The Holocaust and the Cultivation of Bigotry and Hate Essay examples -- The Holocaust and the Cultivation of Bigotry and Hate   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1933, the Jewish population of Europe was about 9.5 million people. The number represented more than 60 percent of the world's Jewish population at that time, estimated at 15.3 million. So how could two out of every three European Jews be dead by the end of World War 2? The answer to this question lies in the hands of Adolph Hitler. Adolph Hitler has helped destroy the lives of millions of families around the world, but how was he able to take part in these mass killing of Jews all around Europe.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Adolph Hitler was 18, he became interested in German nationalism, because he lived on the German-Austrian border. He became interested in politics, only after failing in art. Hitler became close friends with the mayor of Vienna, Karl Lueger. Lueger was an anti-Semite and Jew hater. Even though Hitler still had a few Jewish friends, the messages from Lueger began to sink in. In World War 1, Hitler volunteered his services to Germany, claiming a sense of pride and belonging to the German army. He was not a great solider, but Hitler was stoic, loyal, and courageous. After the war he became increasingly anti-Semitic, which won the attention of his superiors. The Rise of the Nazi party   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At the end of 1919, the German army had Hitler, now age 30, and looks into an organization called the German Worker?s Party. Soon after, Hitler joined and became head of propaganda. The party fiercely attacked Communism, and was heavily anti-Semitic. As more and more people feared Communist revolution in Germany, the more and more people joined the party. In 1920, Hitler modified a common ancient symbol to form the swastika, or twisted cross, as a symbol for his party. He then changed the name of the party to the National Socialist German Worker?s Party, or, in the shortened German form, the NAZI party. By 1921, the Nazi party had over 3000 members, mostly drawing in large numbers of ultra-conservatives from Munich. Between 1921 and 1923, Germany had collapsed into financial ruin. Germany was presented with a 33 billion dollar bill, as reparations as a result of World War I. Inflation hit the roof, and the economy was finished. Life savings were completely wiped o ut. As a result, riots broke out. These riots incited extremist political groups into action, quickly bringing Germany to the brink of chao... ...shootings could have been prevented, but instead families and friends will never see their loved ones again. One of the signs that this nation is learning about being sensitive about others feelings is with the South?s flag. That flag may represent the South to many, but to some it represents racism. So after many protest, arguments, and cries, the flag was changed to a new one. That is just a small example of how a giant nation like America could change for the compassion of others. If we could do it then anyone could. Works Cited Doraplean, Andreas. "Adolf Hitler." Microsoft Encarta Multimedia Encyclopedia. CD- ROM. Microsoft Multimedia. 2005 Franklin, Mike. "We Must Remember the Holocaust." 1990. <http://www- tech.mit.edu/V110/N20/frankl.20o.html> (4/26/07) Hilberg, Raul. "Holocaust." Microsoft Encarta Multimedia Encyclopedia. CD- ROM. Microsoft Multimedia. 2005 Keegan, John. The Second World War. New York: Penguin Books, 1989. 79-468. Korn, Joey. "Abe's Story: Excerpts & Synopsis." 1995.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  <http://remember.org/abe/excerpts.html> (4/26/07) Stone, Alan A. "Spielberg?s Success." 1993. http://bostonreview.mit.edu/Br19.3/Stone.html (4/26/01)

somthign new :: essays research papers

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Company strategic plan Essay

According to company strategic plans, the company aims to achieve a net profit before tax of $1,000,000. The chief risks to this goal are: ââ€" poor sales due to economic downturn ââ€" increases in expenses such as wage expenses. In addition to Australian operations, the company is considering manufacturing overseas to take advantage of reduced costs. The company is also considering diversifying its product range to reduce exposure to poor sales of one product. Role You are the manager of Sales Centre A, based in Adelaide. The centre has achieved great success over the last year and consistently outsells other sales centres. In fact, due to the large number of accounts managed by your sales team and larger staff, your centre is expected to sell as much volume as the other two sales centres put together. Naturally, you expect cost allocations to reflect the both the needs and importance to the business of Cost Centre A. Task A The Sales General Manager, Sam Gellar has asked you to review the master budget and cost centre budgets prepared by the Senior Accountant. She would like you to meet with her to discuss the whether the budget projections are achievable, accurate, understandable and fair. She would like you to look at the budget for your cost centre closely, note any changes you think are necessary, develop an argument for the changes and negotiate those changes with her. Information you are aware of includes: ââ€" Sales in the first quarter (Q1), second quarter (Q2), and the fourth quarter (Q4) are generally 30% less than Q2. ââ€" Sales in Q2 depend on completion of 90% of repair and maintenance. ââ€" Commission negotiated with members of the sales team is now at 2.5%.

Mexican immigration

Mexican immigration has been considered as a distinct event that occupies a place in the history of United States immigration.   There are currently millions of Mexican Americans in the U.S., occupying almost all regions of the country.   Their immigration started in the 20th century and the influx of Mexicans is still continuing to date.   The culture of Mexico and its US immigrants is complex, representing a combination of Spanish, Mexican and other indigenous tribal traditions and beliefs. The significant migration of Mexicans to the US has influenced the judiciary and public systems of the US.   In addition, legislative rulings regarding immigration have been constantly changing since the 20th century, mostly due to the Mexican migration.   Interestingly, the US society has also experience variations in reception of these migrant individuals, ranging from a warm welcome to a cold feeling for unsolicited migrants.   In return, the Mexican immigrants have learned to adapt to an ever-changing treatment in the US and have become skilled at defending themselves from US citizens that show prejudice towards them. Today, a huge portion of the US population is composed of Mexican immigrants.   Their numbers in the US have made them prominent social and cultural group, influencing the employment of the Spanish language in most of the public services and commercial products.   The Mexican food has been around the US for hundreds of years now, with its meals being a staple even to non-Mexican US citizens. The growth of the Latino population in the United States has resulted in the significant observation of social and economic risk factors that are associated with health.   Mexican-Americans or the Latino population comprise the largest group of immigrants in the United States.   Studies have revealed that the concept of having Mexican origins was an independent risk factor that influences conditions of being uninsured.   Even though the word â€Å"Latino† is an acceptable descriptor for this specific population, other groups categorized this ethnic group as â€Å"Hispanic.†Ã‚   Several studies have attempted to describe and evaluate the socio-demographic features of Mexican-Americans, including the health conditions and healthcare needs of this specific population (NIH, 2006). The Mexican-American population is considered an immigrant population, hence it should also be noted that it takes time for this population to totally settle down in the United States (Schmidley, 2001).   Studies show that first-generation Mexican American families experienced a more difficult living condition than subsequent generation.   These include family income level, educational attainment and language.   It has been generally observed that approximately 65% of the first-generation Mexican-Americans lived in poverty, and 75% of the heads of Mexican-American household possessed less than 9th grade education.   It is also interesting to know that less that 10% of the Mexican-American households had a good command of English. First-generation Mexican American children had the highest rate of being uninsured (64.2%), which was significantly higher than the percentage reported for Hispanics as a whole. Significant differences persisted for the second- and third generation groups. In fact, each generational group of Mexican American children was more likely to be uninsured than either non-Hispanic white children or black children. It is also interesting to note that, among first-generation Mexican American children, there were almost equal proportions of children with private and public health insurance. This is not surprising, because 70% of the heads of household were employed.   A significantly greater proportion of first-generation children could be insured if their parents worked for employers who provided health insurance. Even when insurance is offered, however, many employed Hispanics in poor and low-income households decline coverage because of lack of affordability. Previous reports that immigrant children as a whole are less likely to have health insurance, less likely to have a usual source of care, and less likely to have had a doctor’s visit in the past year were limited in that they did not differentiate Hispanic subgroups or generations.   First-generation Mexican American children had much worse health care access than previously described for Hispanic children as a whole. Previous studies show that majority of Hispanic children had a usual source of care.   With regard to immigrant children, 51% of all foreign-born children (including Latino, white, black, and Asian children) in working-poor families were uninsured and that 65% had a usual source of care, suggesting that first-generation Mexican American children may also fare worse than immigrant children considered as a whole. Even when first-generation Mexican American children were insured, they had the lowest likelihood of having a regular source of care or a specific provider. First-generation Mexican American children also demonstrated the lowest levels of utilization of health care services, as assessed by visits to a physician, use of prescription medications, and screening for hearing and vision problems (Holl et al., 1995; Weinick and Krauss, 2000).   Poor health care access is a known predictor of poor health care utilization; however, the data also suggest that the first-generation group might have had decreased needs.   For example, fewer reported earaches/infections in the first-generation group and lower levels of treatment for ear infections were consistent with fewer visits to a physician for earache/infection. First-generation Mexican American children also had lower rates of reported cold or flu, pneumonia, and ear infections, which were consistent with lower rates of prescription medication use.   Better health outcomes in recent immigrant populations form the basis of what has been described as the â€Å"epidemiologic paradox† (Trevino et al., 1991).   Despite the presence of demographic and socioeconomic risk factors, foreign-born Mexican American women have low birth weight infant birth rates and infant mortality rates similar to those of white women. It has not been confirmed that any advantage at birth persists into early childhood, and study results are conflicting.   Mexican American mothers report low rates of asthma, coordination problems, psychologic and behavioral problems, speech problems, and mental retardation among their children, suggesting that immigrant children may fare better with regard to specific illnesses. A substantially higher number of first-generation Mexican American households reported Spanish as the primary language spoken and also had lower levels of health care access and utilization, compared with the other groups (Kurzon, 2000).   Hispanic parents identify language problems, long waits at the physician’s office, lack of health insurance, difficulty paying medical bills, and difficulty arranging transportation as the greatest barriers to care (Halfon et al., 1997). However, several may not bring their children in for care if the medical staff does not understand Hispanic culture.   This is an important realization that points to systemic factors, as opposed to individual patient factors, as causes of racial/ethnic disparities in health care. The cultural shortcomings of clinical staff, including lack of Spanish language proficiency, lack of knowledge of Hispanic culture, and lack of Hispanic staff members, cannot be underestimated.   Additional research is required to identify the specific barriers to health care access and utilization for specific population subgroups, the benefits of a culturally competent and language-friendly clinical environment, and the costs of creating and maintaining such an environment. Indeed, culture, cultural perspective, and/or cultural differences may account for a portion of the difference attributed to generational status (Jackson and Heroux, 1999). One of the most studied measures of acculturation, namely, language, reflected the first-generation Mexican American households, with most being primarily Spanish-speaking. Although the definitions of acculturation varied, past studies that used language preference as a measure of acculturation showed increased use of preventive services and decreased perceived barriers to care for Hispanics who spoke English. A substantially higher number of first-generation Mexican American households reported Spanish as the primary language spoken and also had lower levels of health care access and utilization, compared with the other groups.   The language and culture of the medical office may have disproportionate effects on utilization of health care for first-generation immigrants (http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb4389/is_200410/ai_n15294610). Hispanic parents identify language problems, long waits at the physician’s office, lack of health insurance, difficulty paying medical bills, and difficulty arranging transportation as the greatest barriers to care. However, many may not bring their children in for care if the medical staff does not understand Hispanic culture.   This is an important realization that points to systemic factors, as opposed to individual patient factors, as causes of racial/ethnic disparities in health care. T he cultural shortcomings of clinical staff, including lack of Spanish language proficiency, lack of knowledge of Hispanic culture, and lack of Hispanic staff members, cannot be underestimated.   Additional research is required to identify the specific barriers to health care access and utilization for specific population subgroups, the benefits of a culturally competent and language-friendly clinical environment, and the costs of creating and maintaining such an environment. First-generation Mexican American children also demonstrated the lowest levels of utilization of health care services, as assessed by visits to a physician, use of prescription medications, and screening for hearing and vision problems. Poor health care access is a known predictor of poor health care utilization.   The first-generation group might have had decreased needs.   For example, fewer reported earaches/infections in the first-generation group and lower levels of treatment for ear infections were consistent with fewer visits to a physician for earache/infection. First-generation Mexican American children also had lower rates of reported cold or flu, pneumonia, and ear infections, which were consistent with lower rates of prescription medication use.   Better health outcomes in recent immigrant populations form the basis of what has been described as the â€Å"epidemiologic paradox.† Previous studies of perinatal outcomes showed that, despite the presence of demographic and socioeconomic risk factors, foreign-born Mexican American women have low birth weight infant birth rates and infant mortality rates similar to those of white women. It has not been confirmed that any advantage at birth persists into early childhood, and study results are conflicting.   Previous studies suggested that Mexican American mothers report low rates of asthma, coordination problems, psychologic and behavioral problems, speech problems, and mental retardation among their children, suggesting that immigrant children may fare better with regard to specific illnesses. The generational status alone may account for lower developmental scores among Mexican American children.   Lower rates of specific illnesses among first-generation Mexican American children seem to support the epidemiologic paradox, suggesting that first-generation Mexican American children had decreased health care needs with respect to the conditions reported. This might have translated into decreased utilization of health services for this group.   The theory that Mexican American children become less healthy as they become more acculturated has now been assessed and reviewed.   Subsequent generations reported higher prevalence of the illnesses tested, adding to evidence in the literature that Hispanic immigrant children have health outcomes and indicators that worsen with greater acculturation and each successive generation (NIH, 2007). References Halfon N, Wood DL, Valdez RB, Pereyra M and Duan N (1997): Medicaid enrollment and health services access by Latino children in inner-city Los Angeles. JAMA 277:636–641 Holl JL, Szilagyi PG, Rodewald LE, Byrd RS and Weitzman ML (1995): Profile of uninsured children in the United States. Arch. Pediatr. Adolesc. Med.   149:398–406 http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb4389/is_200410/ai_n15294610 Jackson M and Heroux J (1999):   Program to address sociocultural barriers to health care in Hispanic communities.   National Program Report.   Retrieved from http://eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/data/ericdocs2sql/content_storage_01/0000019b/80/19/d5/46.pdf Kurzon VP (2000):   Mexican-American culture and antepartum management.   Grad. Res. Nursing.   Retrieved from http://www.graduateresearch.com/kurzon.htm. National Institutes of Health (2007):   Health disparities.   Bethesda: NIH. National Institutes of Health (2007):   U.S.-born Hispanics may have poorer health than immigrants.   Retrieved from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/news/fullstory_52026.html Schmidley AD (2000): Profile of the Foreign-Born Population in the United States.   Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office. US Census Bureau Current Population Reports, series. p23-206. Trevino FM, Moyer ME, Valdez RB, Stroup-Benham CA (1991): Health insurance coverage and utilization of health services by Mexican Americans, mainland Puerto Ricans, and Cuban Americans. JAMA   265:233–237. Weinick RM, Krauss NA. Racial/ethnic differences in children’s access to care. Am. J. Public Health. 90:1771–1774.         

Elderly living in institution and community

The rapidly increasing population of elderly all over the world has been one of the important concerns of the decision makers and planners on how to provide health care and facilities. Statistics shows that population of elderly accounts for one individual of the ten persons is now at age 60 years old and above. It is projected that in the year 2015, there will be an increasing rate of elderly population such that there will be five out of 10 persons considered as senior citizens. In the Philippines, there is an estimated 5. Million elderly Filipinos or about 6. % of the total 80 million populations. This is projected to grow by 9. 5% in the year 2020. Despite of the life expectancy and the facilities on medical and social systems provide to elderly, the vital question is â€Å"What are their situations and experiences at elderly stage? † Are they experiencing uncomfortable situations such as loneliness, depression, social isolation or controversial quality of life? In some As ian countries like the Philippines culture dictates that the family must take care of their elders.But some arousing circumstances like when both couples of a family must work so that here is no one to take care of them or when poverty cripples the financial status of the family. These circumstances will leave an option but to put their elders in an institution. The connotation that putting them in an institution might divulge some questions such as will the elders be lonely when they are in an institution or will they be happy thinking that they will never be a burden for their family.? Will their loneliness affect the quality of life that they have in the institution?How the Filipino family may adjust when their elders are in the institution and as they are facing the dead of ingratitude to their loved one. According to some research studies, it was postulated that the quality of life is not homogeneous, but multidimensional in nature with many option extending from health indicat ions to individual habits, cultures and ethics. Loneliness has a psychological dimension which reflects somebody attitude and behavior about his life. Elderly often expresses negative feelings and loneliness because of the ageing process and social strength that influence their quality of life.In this reasons, loneliness could be a one important parameter or indicators that effect the quality of life or vice versa, particularly the elders' society. Theoretical Framework Psychosocial Theory. Erik Erikson (1950) who took a special interest in the final stage of life, concluded that the primary psychosocial task of late adulthood (65 and beyond) is to maintain ego integrity (holding in to one's sense of wholeness) while avoiding despair (fearing there is too little time to begin a new life course).According to the author, those who succeed at this final task also develop wisdom that includes accepting without any regrets of life and has to live until the end of last breath death). He e mphasized that even older adults who are above in the high degree of integrity can felt some despair at this stage which they contemplate their past experiences. Interactions Theory. Weiss (1978) mentioned there are two elements of loneliness. One aspect is the emotional loneliness due to the absence of an attachment figure; and the other one is the social loneliness or the absence of an acceptable social network.Register Theory of Generative Quality of Life for the Elderly. According to M. Elizabeth Register and JoAnne Herman (2006), the quality of life is defined as being unconnected with the forces and processes that constitute an assenting existence. The elderly generate quality of life as they experience connectedness in which is a state of synchronous, harmonious, and interactive presence with the six interrelated forces and processes. It involved the act of being metaphysically connected to spiritual, biological, environmental and to the society.Conceptual Framework In the ab ove theoretical framework, the conceptual framework of the study is developed as shown in Figure 1. The first rectangle box contains the variable of loneliness (independent variable) while the second rectangle box contains the actors contributing to the dimensions of quality of life. The two arrows determine the relationships between loneliness and the quality of life of elders. The third rectangle contains the output/outcome of the study as an â€Å"Enhanced Quality of Life† of the elders in the community and the institution.Conceptual Paradigm Figure 1. Conceptual Paradigm Showing the Relationship between Loneliness and Quality of Life of Elders Statement of the Problem The study will determine the relationship of loneliness and quality of life of elderly individuals living in the community and institutions. Specifically, the study will seek to answer the following questions: 1. How may the level of loneliness of the elders in the community and in the institution be describ ed when categorized as: 1. 1 . Positive feelings, and 1. 2. Negative Feelings? . What is the level of the quality of life of the respondents when grouped according to: 2. 1. Emotional aspect 2. 2. Physical aspect and 2. 3. Social aspect? 3. Is there a significant relationship between loneliness and quality of life of the elders? 4. Is there a significant difference in loneliness and quality of life between elders in the community and in the institution? 5. What are the policy recommendation(s) to improve quality of life and sustain the programs of elderly in mitigating the loneliness of elders?In this study, the researcher will provide policy recommendations or measures on how to intervene appropriate program and activities for the elderly whether in the community or within the institution. Hypothesis The hypothesis will be tested at 0. 05 level of significance. Ho: There IS no significant relationship between the level of loneliness and quality of life among elders. Ho: There IS no significant difference IN the loneliness and quality of life of elders living in the community and institution. Significance of the Study Student nurses.The result of this study will help them enhance their knowledge and understanding on taking care of elders. It will help them to have an open mind to care holistically for the elders and to treat them highly individualized. Family members. The findings of the study can help them assess the quality of life of elders in institutions and will serve as a guide in the decision making if they are pushed to whose between putting their beloved parents to an institution or not. Health practitioners. The results of the study can help them to reach out beneficial conclusions.They can detect the factors on how to mitigate and improve the quality of life by avoiding the loneliness experiences of elders. It can also provide information on what are the weaknesses and opportunities of elder's daily living and make a sustainable program and activit ies, I. E. , rehabilitation programmer for elders. Future researchers. This study can provide information to have follow-up study to elated the variables and other parameters to measure the loneliness relative to the quality of life.Scope and Limitation The focus of this study is to establish the relationship between loneliness and quality of life of the elders at the institutions and community levels. The study will adapt and use the generic questionnaire developed by Nottingham Health Profile for Quality of Life and UCLA Loneliness using the Liker scale. The respondents of this study will be limited to 150 respondents in which the elders had an age ranging from 60 to 89 years old. The respondents also had no dementia and physical disability.Definition of Terms Loneliness refers to the positive and negative feelings of the elderly in community and institution. Negative Feeling- refers to a state of social isolation and feelings of emptiness. Positive Feeling- state of harmony with oneself and other people. Quality of Life- refers to the emotional, physical and social dimensions of the elders. Emotional Aspect- refers to the inner feelings of elders regarding their emotion. Physical Aspect- refers to the functional and biological status of the elder Social Aspect- refers to the status of connection of elders to the people surrounding them.

Little Falls Hospital

For the past six months, Lydia, who is paralyzed from a car accident and can only communicate through nodding her head, has been receiving life sustaining support from the staff at Little Falls Hospital. It is uncertain if Lydia is able to understand any information about her current situation and is able to make any decisions for herself. Lydia prepared an advance directive before the accident, but the advance directive cannot be located. There are two laws that can be taken into account for this situation, the New York Health Care Proxy Law and the New York’s Family Health Care Decision Making Act (FHCDA).Under the New York Health Care Proxy Law, Lydia’s husband, Mr. Bevins, who is her legal guardian, which also makes him the surrogate decision maker under the New York Health Care Proxy Law, has the legal right to make the decisions on her health care in her behalf. Being respectful of his wife’s wishes, Mr. Bevins is asking that the life sustaining support be withdrawn. However, Lydia’s mom, Eileen Redfield, believes that her daughter has a chance to recover and does not support Mr.Bevins’ decision. New York’s Family Health Care Decision Making Act (FHCDA) â€Å"establishes the authority of a patient’s family member or close friend to make health care decisions for the patient in cases where the patient lacks decisional capacity and did not leave prior instructions or appoint a health care agent. This â€Å"surrogate† decision maker would also be empowered to direct the withdrawal or withholding of life-sustaining treatment when standards set forth in the statute are satisfied.†With Mr. Bevins being the appointed guardian, it gives him the right to make the decisions on his wife’s behalf. Since there is uncertainty as to whether Lydia can make her own decisions, the doctors would have to confirm that Lydia is no longer capable of making decisions for herself before this right can be enacte d.It is critical that the physician determines whether Lydia is incapacitated and that her treatment is ineffectual before any life support decisions can be made. If it is found that Lydia is capable of making her own decision, she would need to give informed consent for any procedures or withdrawals of treatment. When the physician determines that Lydia is incapacitated and that treatment is ineffectual, there are three options to consider. The first option would be to continue with the current active treatment

An Unconventional Love- Sonnet 130 Essay

If one were talking about a beloved, one would go out of one’s way to praise her and point out all of the ways that she is the best. However, in William Shakespeare’sSonnet 130, Shakespeare spends the poem comparing his mistress’s appearance to other things, and tells the reader how she doesn’t measure up to the comparisons. While using the standard Shakespearean iambic pentameter with a rhyme scheme of AB-AB/CD-CD/EF-EF/GG, he goes through a laundry list, giving us details about the flaws of her body, her smell, and even the sound of her voice. Yet at the end of the poem, he changes his tune and tells the reader about his real and complete love for her. Shakespeare’s Sonnet 130 takes a turn from the clichà © love poems of his time by mocking the common comparisons and telling the truth about his lover’s appearance. The first quatrain briefly describes the woman’s physical appearance by using comparisons to nature. To begin the poem, Shakespeare uses a simile by saying, â€Å"My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun† (1). One may mistake this line as a criticism, but he is merely saying that her eyes are nothing like the sun because they are better than it. The speaker also says, â€Å"If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun† (3). By avoiding a direct simile, Shakespeare gives the reader a strong mental image of sparkling white snow and lays it next to the equally vivid image of dun (grayish-brown) breasts. â€Å"Dun† is often used to describe the color of an animal and is not the kind of thing a woman would like her breasts to be compared to. Throughout the second quatrain, the speaker continues to criticize his mistress’ appearance and breath. Shakespeare says, â€Å"I have  seen roses damasked red and white,/ but no such roses see I in her cheeks† (5-6). White, red, and damasked were the only three colors during the poem’s time period. The speaker says he has seen roses separated by color (â€Å"damasked†) into red and white, but he sees no such roses in his mistress’ cheeks. The use of the word â€Å"damasked'† encourages Shakespeare’s criticism that his mistress is not like the rest of the women. The speaker also says, â€Å"And in some perfumes i s there more delight/ than in the breath that from my mistress reeks† (7-8). The word â€Å"reeks† promotes a strong image of just how far from perfect this woman is and forces the reader to take a look at the definitions of female beauty. The word was not as suggestive of unpleasant exhalations as it is nowadays, but it tended to be associated with steamy, sweaty and unsavory smells. The expression is relative with the earlier description of dun breasts. The third quatrain is a shift from the previous quatrains that describe what the mistress is not by describing her voice and contrasting her to a goddess. Shakespeare says, â€Å"I love to hear her speak, yet well I know/ that music hath a far more pleasing sound† (9-10). In these lines, the speaker draws on a more cultural image, comparing music to his mistress’ voice. He is saying that he literally loves to hear her voice, even though he knows that music is much more pleasant to hear. Alliteration is used in line 11 to emphasis the woman’s gait when the speaker says, â€Å"I gr ant I never saw a goddess go† (line 11). He also says, â€Å"My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground† (line 12). In ancient times, a mortal was able to recognize a goddess by her particular manner of walking. The speaker could be talking about her graceless gait but could also be commenting on the fact that she is not a goddess and walks the earth like any other woman would. William Shakespeare’sSonnet 130 takes a turn from the clichà © love poems of his time by mocking the common comparisons and telling the truth about his lover’s appearance. In the couplet, the speaker shows his full intent, which is to insist that love does not need conceits in order to be real, and women do not need to look like flowers or the sun in order to be beautiful. The exaggerated comparisons make this sonnet enjoyable because the reader is constantly wondering if the speaker hates his mistress or is simply being witty. I chose this poem because I appreciate Shakespeare’s approach in writing this love poem, and I continuously enjoy the poem no matter how many times I re-read it. The satiric tone and use of metaphors  were the most successful elements of the poem, with no unsuccessful elements, in my opinion. Sonnet 130 plays an elaborate joke on the conventions of love poetry common to Shakespeare’s day, and is so well perceived that the joke remains humorous today.

Impact of the Internet on small businesses Research Paper

Impact of the Internet on small businesses - Research Paper Example Through the internet, a business of any size can compete in the global marketplace. In fact, on the internet, the size of an organizations operation makes little difference because the internet is an open environment. Similar companies compete against one another while being only a click of the mouse away. In other words, a buyer can locate numerous sellers offering similar merchandise, similar prices and similar offers in a very short time period. As more people and businesses become comfortable with the internet, the marketing landscape will continue to evolve quickly in the coming years (The Influence of Internet on Modern Business, 2009). The arrival of internet related technologies helped small scale industries immensely. Many of the traditional business concepts were given way for internet related business strategies because of the arrival of computers and internet. For example, internet helped the business world to convert many of the offline market spaces into online market spaces. Moreover, outsourcing, offshoring like modern business principles were evolved out because of the developments in internet related technologies. Advertising is another in which internet helps small scale industries immensely. Social networks are used extensively by the businesses for marketing and advertising purposes. At the same time, internet has the potential to affect small businesses negatively also. For example, internet helped globalization in many ways. It should be noted that globalization helped corporate companies to expand their business all over the world. The intrusion of corporate companies in small scale industry segments is causing big threats to the small business groups. In short, internet provides both opportunities and threats to small businesses. This paper analyses the impacts of internet on small businesses. The Internet potentially can be used by small businesses to support external (inter-organizational and

Online Banking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Online Banking - Essay Example Banks have had to adopt current technology in order to remain competitive, retain their customers and lower operation costs. Online banking was started in the 1980s by a few banks in the United States. Four major banks in New York adopted online banking to allow customers maintain electronic checkbook registers, check account balances, make fund transfers and other banking related activities. Online banking, also known as Internet banking, is part of virtual banking that began with telephone banking and automatic teller machines (ATMs). Virtual banking is a banking system that is non-branch based. Services are provided through various electronic media such as telephones, personal computers, ATMs and the Internet. Virtual banking has existed for quite some time and its transactions costs are quite low as compared to branch transaction costs. Banks are investing in various forms of banking systems to expand their geographical and market coverage with regards to banking systems. However, they are using different forms of banking, for example, some invest in bricks and mortar while others adopt the current ba nking system that uses the Internet (Cronin 42). The Internet is becoming the main channel of communication since its inception in 1969. Internet has recently gained popularity in the U.S. as the main medium for e-commerce. Its potential growth has come with opportunities and threats to businesses. The Internet is on the verge of becoming the main delivery and distribution channel. The growth and rapid diffusion of the Internet has made banking online an alternative banking system at the expense of traditional branch-based banking. Banks in the United States have started providing services via the Internet including Internet banking. Currently, the Internet has revolutionized the banking system and it is considered as an alternative strategic weapon that changes the operation system of banks. Banks are able to deliver services to customers in

HW #18 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HW #18 - Essay Example These standards are legally enforceable standards and must be adhered to. Secondary drinking water standards on the other hand are non mandatory water quality standards for up to 15 contaminants and outlines secondary maximum contaminant levels. Unlike Primary Drinking water Standards, these standards are established by EPA to provide guidelines to help in managing the aesthetic quality of public water systems and are not enforceable and include guidelines for aspects of water quality such as taste, odor and color. Unlike Primary Drinking Water standards, Secondary Drinking Water contaminants are considered to present no risk to human health. The effects of these contaminants are grouped in three categories; aesthetic effects, technical effects and cosmetic effects and include: aluminum, color, chloride, fluoride, Iron, Copper, corrosivity, pH, manganese, sulfate, zinc, silver, forming agents and total dissolved solids (Johnson, 1521). Secondary drinking water standards therefore provide guidance to the public water systems on removing these chemicals to levels below which people will not notice. The federal law regulating tap water in United States of America has been in use for the past 35 years without review with respect to emerging contaminants thus poses serious health risks. While more than 60,000 chemicals are used within US, only 91 contaminants are regulated despite the fear that many chemicals are carcinogenic even at low concentrations. This has resulted into the exposure of over 62 million Americans to drinking water that did not meet guidelines. Research has also shown that some contaminants that are regulated pose lesser risk than those that are not regulated by EPA (Duhigg, 1). Officials such as Dr. Pankaj Parekh, the director of water quality division for the city of Los Angeles have also faced criticism from the

Analytical Report of Professional Practice (Behaviour Management) Essay

Analytical Report of Professional Practice (Behaviour Management) - Essay Example This reflective piece describes the challenges as an educational professional in behaviour management, an identified personal weakness, which requires significant development in order to facilitate a cohesive classroom environment and assist children in constructing a sense of communality and to respect the rights of others from a social standpoint. There are a range of strategies designed to modify problematic behaviours with primary school-aged children, including elements from cognitive behavioural therapy, an interactive and authoritarian role of the educational practitioner, creating sanctions, and a variety of reinforcement strategies to curb or otherwise deconstruct problem habits in the classroom. As a professional, the practitioner must understand which strategies are appropriate for children in the pre-operational or concrete operations stage of cognitive development in order to ensure that the aforementioned strategies will be effective in producing a socially-harmonious l earning environment and curbing problematic behavioural issues. ... r has recently taken on the professional role of 1:1, working with a child maintaining very aggressive behaviours and oppositional attitudes that significantly complicate the learning process. Traditional behaviour management strategies are oftentimes ineffective when engaging the child, representing a substantial challenge in facilitating a positive educational practice. This child maintains a socio-historical background that apparently did not provide appropriate social guidance and strategies for curbing impulsive responses, making it the role of the practitioner to attempt to deconstruct these caregiver oversights that likely occurred during earlier childhood development. Reflection will focus on these interventions with the aggressive and non-compliant child, referencing contemporary theoretical positions on behaviour management in the educational environment to assist in professional self-development in behaviour control. Defining behaviour and behaviour management. Behaviour i s defined by Endoo (2012, p.83) as the† specific actions and/or reactions of the individual in relation to environmental stimuli, either conscious or unconscious† that drives mannerisms and conduct. Behaviour management is strategies that are inclusive of all actions to increase the likelihood that people, both as individuals or in the group/team environment, choose to manifest behaviours that are fully productive, socially appropriate and even fulfilling from a personal perspective (Baldwin and Baldwin 1986). Behaviour management works under the premise that the professional attempting to manage problem behaviours can effectively manipulate changes to behaviour and attitudes once the practitioner identifies what the individual deems personally rewarding (Grenning 1993). They key

Security Fraud and Manipulations Using Accounting Policies and Rules Dissertation

Security Fraud and Manipulations Using Accounting Policies and Rules - Dissertation Example More importantly, a wide variety of security fraud and malpractice of accounting policies are employed in the preparation of the financial report accounting of Enron, Madoff scheme, and WorldCom Corporation that lead into their bankruptcy. Nonetheless, the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) seeks to deter fraud in financial statements of companies through laws, internal control systems and regulations. More significantly, the commission continuously seeks to detect misstatements, failure of disclosure of accurate financial information in records, documentation, accounting policies and procedures in changes of equity and explanatory notes accompanying every financial period statement of companies. In addition, this paper will look at the adherence to the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) as stipulated by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) remains committed towards global standards. Finally, the pap er looks at various fraudulent situations that could be avoided through adherence to stipulated accounting policies and procedures by management, accountants and auditors as they put shareholders interest first. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express sincere gratitude to my dissertation supervisor, xxx, for his invaluable support. As an area of accounting and auditing practise, I hope you find this paper insightful in the minimization of security fraud and manipulation practices. Tables of Contents 1. Introduction 6 2. Literature Review 7 3. Research Methodology 16 4. Discussion of Findings 18 4.1.0 Nature and treatment Of Security Fraud &manipulation through fraudulent use Of accounting policies and rules 18 4.2.0 Security Fraud and Manipulation in Madoff scheme, Enron & Worldcom Corporation 23 4.3.0 Security Fraud and Manipulation Problems in Madoff Scheme, Enron and Worldcom Corporation 27 4.4.0 Comprehensive Analysis of Parties involved in the carrying out of Security Fraud an d Manipulation 33 4.5.0 Regulation of Security Fraud and Manipulation in Madoff scheme, Enron and WorldCom Corporation 39 5. Conclusions 43 6. Appendix 45 6. References 47 CHAPTER 1.0 INTRODUCTION More than often, fraudulent financial information given in companies financial statement typically takes the form of material misstatements done intentionally by making either the annually or quarterly financial statements fluctuated. In most cases, auditors acknowledge that financial statements are intentionally misstated such that the information provided remains not only misleading, but also inaccurate, such that the presentation of financial reports does not follow the generally accepted accounting practises (GAAP), international auditing standards (IAS) and international financial reporting standards (IFRS). More so, such security fraud and manipulation through the use of fraudulent accounting policies and rules in international corporations like Madoff scheme, WorldCom and Enron led to a huge loss as a result of fraud upon

Take your own moral values on abortion (pro-life) and compare them to Assignment

Take your own moral values on abortion (pro-life) and compare them to the social work ethics and core values - Assignment Example It is interesting in this situation to look at a person’s own biases and prejudices while dealing with this issue. Since every person is situated in a society and can be looked at as a product of the history of that society, it is safe to assume that prejudices would be a part of every person. There needs to thus, be a conscious effort to rid oneself of the prejudices that are a part of one’s mind. It is here that one sees the importance of a code of ethics as laid down by the National Association of Social Workers. This paper shall look at the articles of this code and how it helps one to rid oneself of many a prejudice and work towards a more harmonious society. The code of ethics according to the NASW demands that people who are social workers accept the cultural changes that are a part of today’s society and learn to live in harmony without intentionally or otherwise, causing any damage to the sentiments of others. It is in this context that the issue of abortion becomes a huge issue that becomes difficult for people to grapple with. Any stand that is taken at present seems to be in violation of the beliefs of certain groups, as far as abortion is concerned. This is however, applicable only for those groups that advocate a complete ban on abortion or complete freedom. As in most issues of a multicultural society, the middle path would be the intelligent route to take in this matter. This is especially so since it tends to divide people into watertight compartments even at a political level where it becomes a major issue in pre-electoral times. This lack of discrimination is exhorted to be practiced as can be seen in this part of th e code of ethics- â€Å"Social workers should obtain education about and seek to understand the nature of social diversity and oppression with respect to race, ethnicity, national origin, color, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression,

Children of Illegal Immigrants and Education Research Paper

Children of Illegal Immigrants and Education - Research Paper Example 5). In turn, this has placed them at a disadvantage especially in the job market. A greater percentage of the 62% is of children whose parents are legal immigrants. A survey of five counties in 2004 revealed that 45% of US born children had undocumented parents and the studies further revealed that the education levels of children of legal immigrants were much higher than that of children of illegal immigrants born in US (Caps et al. 6). This has been attributed to the fact that children of illegal immigrants born in US are likely to be faced with higher levels of poverty, which hinders their academic progress as most of them are forced to drop out of school to work. This study seeks to explore medical, psychological, emotional and economic factors contributing to a wide gap in education between children of illegal immigrants born in U.S.A and children of the natives, in order to equip the illegal immigrant parents with a better understanding of what challenges these children are goi ng through so that they can help in bridging the gap in education between their children and those of the natives. ... Sometimes children are forcefully obligated to drop out of school to work in order for them to cater for their basic needs. Undocumented parents may also be reluctant to approach organizations that can aid in financing their children’s education for fear of deportation as opposed to the legal immigrants who can freely ask for financial aid (Capps et al. 12). The other contributory factor is that majority of the illegal immigrant women are less likely to work and because most of them are in the child – bearing age, they are more likely to have more children as opposed to the working class women. As a result, the parents of these immigrant children may find it difficult to finance the education of their many children (Tanakshi 24). Poor educational background of parents of illegal immigrants children Most illegal immigrant parents have less formal education as compared to the native parent. Studies indicate that thirteen percent of parents of immigrant children have less than grade nine educations and a greater percentage lack a high school diploma. The spectrum of higher education also indicates that parents of native children are better educated than the immigrants (Fix and Jeffrey 36). Therefore, this implies that the children of the natives are more likely to be inspired by their parent’s achievements and follow their example or the parents may also be of great assistance especially if the children are having problems with their homework. The studies further indicate that six out of every ten parents of immigrant children are not proficient in English and that a quarter of the immigrant children have at least one of the parents who speaks another language apart from English at