Overrides in VB.NET - Using VB.NET Series

Supersedes in VB.NET - Using VB.NET Series This is one of a smaller than usual arrangement that covers the distinctions in Overloads, Shadows, and Overrides in VB.NET. This article covers Overrides. The articles that spread the others are here: - Overloads-Shadows These methods can be immensely confounding; there are a ton of blends of these watchwords and the fundamental legacy choices. Microsofts own documentation doesnt start to do the theme equity and there is a great deal of terrible, or outdated data on the web. The best counsel to be certain that your program is coded accurately is, Test, test, and test once more. In this arrangement, well gander at them each in turn with accentuation on the distinctions. Supersedes What Shadows, Overloads, and Overrides all share for all intents and purpose is that they reuse the name of components while changing what occurs. Shadows and Overloads can work both inside a similar class or when a class acquires another class. Abrogates, in any case, must be utilized in an inferred class (once in a while called a youngster class) that acquires from a base class (now and then called a parent class). Furthermore, Overrides is the mallet; it lets you altogether supplant a strategy (or a property) from a base class. In the article about classes and the Shadows catchphrase (See: Shadows in VB.NET), a capacity was added to show that an acquired methodology could be referenced. Open Class ProfessionalContact ... code not demonstrated ... Open Function HashTheName( ByVal nm As String) As String Return nm.GetHashCode End Function End Class The code that launches a class got from this one (CodedProfessionalContact in the model) can call this strategy since its acquired. In the model, I utilized the VB.NET GetHashCode strategy to keep the code straightforward and this restored a genuinely pointless outcome, the worth - 520086483. Assume I needed an alternate outcome returned rather be that as it may, - I cannot change the base class. (Possibly the sum total of what I have is incorporated code from a merchant.) ... also, ... - I cannot change the calling code (Maybe there are a thousand duplicates and I cannot refresh them.) In the event that I can refresh the determined class, at that point I can change the outcome returned. (For instance, the code could be a piece of an updatable DLL.) There is one issue. Since its so far reaching and amazing, you must have authorization from the base class to utilize Overrides. Be that as it may, very much structured code libraries give it. (Your code libraries are on the whole very much structured, right?) For instance, the Microsoft gave work we simply utilized is overridable. Heres a case of the sentence structure. Open Overridable Function GetHashCode As Integer With the goal that watchword must be available in our model base class also. Open Overridable Function HashTheName( ByVal nm As String) As String Superseding the strategy is presently as straightforward as furnishing another one with the Overrides watchword. Visual Studio again gives you a showing start to filling in the code for you with AutoComplete. At the point when you enter ... Open Overrides Function HashTheName( Visual Studio includes the remainder of the code naturally when you type the initial bracket, including the arrival articulation which just calls the first capacity from the base class. (In the event that youre simply including something, this is typically something to be thankful for to do after your new code executes in any case.) Open Overrides Function HashTheName( nm As String) As String Return MyBase.HashTheName(nm) End Function For this situation, nonetheless, Im going to supplant the strategy with something different similarly futile just to outline how its done: The VB.NET work that will turn around the string. Open Overrides Function HashTheName( nm As String) As String Return Microsoft.VisualBasic.StrReverse(nm) End Function Presently the calling code gets an altogether unique outcome. (Contrast and the outcome in the article about Shadows.) ContactID: 246 BusinessName: Villain Defeaters, GmbH Hash of the BusinessName: HbmG ,sretaefeD nialliV You can abrogate properties as well. Assume you concluded that ContactID esteems more noteworthy than 123 would not be permitted and should default to 111. You can simply abrogate the property and change it when the property is spared: Private _ContactID As Integer Open Overrides Property ContactID As Integer Get Return _ContactID End Get Set(ByVal esteem As Integer) On the off chance that esteem 123, Then _ContactID 111 Else _ContactID esteem End If End Set End Property At that point you get this outcome when a bigger worth is passed: ContactID: 111 BusinessName: Damsel Rescuers, LTD Coincidentally, in the model code up until this point, whole number qualities are multiplied in the New subroutine (See the article on Shadows), so a whole number of 123 is changed to 246 and afterward changed again to 111. VB.NET gives you, significantly more, control by permitting a base class to explicitly require or deny a determined class to supersede utilizing the MustOverride and NotOverridable catchphrases in the base class. Be that as it may, both of these are utilized in genuinely explicit cases. To begin with, NotOverridable. Since the default for an open class is NotOverridable, for what reason would it be a good idea for you to ever need to indicate it? In the event that you give it a shot the HashTheName work in the base class, you get a language structure mistake, however the content of the blunder message provides you some insight: NotOverridable can't be determined for techniques that don't abrogate another strategy. The default for a superseded strategy is the polar opposite: Overrideable. So on the off chance that you need abrogating to stop there, you need to determine NotOverridable on that technique. In our model code: Open NotOverridable Overrides Function HashTheName( ... At that point if the class CodedProfessionalContact is, thus, acquired ... Open Class NotOverridableEx Acquires CodedProfessionalContact ... the capacity HashTheName can't be overriden in that class. A component that can't be superseded is in some cases called a fixed component. A key piece of the .NET Foundation is to necessitate that the reason for each class is expressly characterized to expel all vulnerability. An issue in past OOP dialects has been called â€Å"the delicate base class.† This happens when a base class includes another strategy with a similar name as a technique name in a subclass that acquires from a base class. The developer composing the subclass didnt plan on abrogating the base class, however this is actually what happens at any rate. This has been known to bring about the call of the injured developer, I didnt transform anything, however my program slammed in any case. In the event that there is a likelihood that a class will be refreshed later on and make this issue, proclaim it as NotOverridable. MustOverride is regularly utilized in what is called an Abstract Class. (In C#, something very similar uses the watchword Abstract!) This is a class that just gives a format and youre expected to fill it with your own code. Microsoft gives this case of one: Open MustInherit Class WashingMachine Sub New() Code to start up the class goes here. End sub Open MustOverride Sub Wash Open MustOverride Sub Rinse (loadSize as Integer) Open MustOverride Function Spin (speed as Integer) as Long End Class To proceed Microsofts model, clothes washers will do these things (Wash, Rinse and Spin) in an unexpected way, so theres no favorable position of characterizing the capacity in the base class. Yet, there is a favorable position in ensuring that any class that acquires this one characterizes them. The arrangement: a theoretical class. On the off chance that you need much more clarification about the contrasts among Overloads and Overrides, a totally unique model is created in a Quick Tip: Overloads Versus Overrides VB.NET gives you considerably more control by permitting a base class to explicitly require or deny an inferred class to abrogate utilizing the MustOverride and NotOverridable watchwords in the base class. Be that as it may, both of these are utilized in genuinely explicit cases. To start with, NotOverridable. Since the default for an open class is NotOverridable, for what reason would it be advisable for you to ever need to indicate it? In the event that you give it a shot the HashTheName work in the base class, you get a linguistic structure blunder, however the content of the mistake message provides you some insight: NotOverridable can't be indicated for techniques that don't abrogate another strategy. The default for an abrogated strategy is the polar opposite: Overrideable. So in the event that you need abrogating to stop there, you need to indicate NotOverridable on that technique. In our model code: Open NotOverridable Overrides Function HashTheName( ... At that point if the class CodedProfessionalContact is, thusly, acquired ... Open Class NotOverridableEx Acquires CodedProfessionalContact ... the capacity HashTheName can't be overriden in that class. A component that can't be abrogated is some of the time called a fixed component. A central piece of the .NET Foundation is to necessitate that the motivation behind each class is expressly characterized to expel all vulnerability. An issue in past OOP dialects has been called â€Å"the delicate base class.† This happens when a base class includes another strategy with a similar name as a technique name in a subclass that acquires from a base class. The developer composing the subclass didnt plan on abrogating the base class, however this is actually what happens in any case. This has been known to bring about the call of the injured developer, I didnt transform anything, yet my program slammed in any case. In the event that there is a likelihood that a class will be refreshed later on and make this issue, pronounce it as NotOverridable. MustOverride is regularly utilized in what is called an Abstract Class. (In C#, something very similar uses the watchword Abstract!) This is a class that just gives a format and youre expected to fill it with your own code. Microsoft give

Kite Runner Essay Essay

Khaled Hosseini’s kite sprinter has numerous topics that are critical. This book additionally has subjects that are covered up to the peruser, to discover these topics the peruser needs to consider the occasions that happen in the book. In this book reclamation, segregation, and brutality assume a major job in the occasions in this book. Reclamation is one of the most significant subjects in the kite sprinter. All through the story, Amir is attempting to vindicate himself due to numerous occasions that he was a piece of. In the asking of the story Rahim Khan calls Amir and lets him know â€Å"There is an approach to be acceptable again.† (Page 2) Putting this in the primary part of the story educates the peruser numerous things regarding Amir, it could disclose to us that Amir has done numerous things that he laments, or he has done things that made torment another person. Amir’s mother bites the dust when she is bringing forth him, all through the story Amir attempts a wide range of things to make up for himself to his dad. At the point when Amir wins the kite rivalry he feels that he would at long last make up for himself for his moms passing. Amir feels that he makes up for himself in light of the fact that â€Å"A grin made light of on my father’s lips. He opened his arms† (Page 79) When somebody does this somebody will consequently feel that you made up for yourself to that individual. Another occasion that Amir does that he makes up for himself for later is the point at which he coerces Hassan. Amir’s father gives him a watch and Amir chooses to put it under Hassan’s pad. Later when Amir’s father discovers that he took his watch he excuses him, however Ali (Hassan’s father) says that they settle on the choice to leave. To the close to end of the book, when Amir returns to Afghanistan, he gets a letter from Hassan. The letter reveals to him that he (Hassan) kicked the bucket, and that he has a child that it taken by the Taliban. Amir tells Farid (The individual who takes Amir around in Afghanistan) about Sohrab, and he lets him know â€Å"You have a visa to go to America, to existence with me and my better half. It’s valid. I promise† (Page 355) When Amir discovered that he lost his closest companion he experienced a great deal of difficulty to get Sohrab. Amir could have kept away from this in the event that he didn't outline Hassan. On the off chance that Amir didn't outline Hassan, Hassan and Ali could have fled the nation with Amir and his dad. This occasion bigly affects the occasions in the story. Without these instances of reclamation, it is difficult to picture the book finishing off with the way that it did. Alongside numerous different subjects, segregation is one of the less examined topics in this book. As I would like to think I feel that segregation ought to be a topic that ought to be as significant as some other topic. Segregation assumes a major job in the kite sprinter in light of the structure of the social classes. In the asking of the story we realize that Hassan is Amir’s Hazara yet later we realize that he is Amir’s sibling. At the point when Amir won the kite rivalry Hassan went to get the triumphant the kite. Hours had passed and Hassan didn't appear. Amir goes searching for him and he asks Omar (just associated with one passage) in the event that he saw Hassan, Omar answers him by saying â€Å"Your Hazara?† (Page 68) without saying multiple sentences, we can see that individuals in the class with Hassan are treated with no regard and they are called Hazaras. Another occasion that happens when Hassan at long last finds the kite that permitted Amir to win the opposition he is encircled by Assef and his group. Assef is perhaps the greatest discriminator towards Hazaras as he is threatening Hassan, he says, â€Å"A steadfast Hazara, Loyal as a dog† (Page 72) When Hassan said this he could of contrasted Hassan with something different, yet he picked a canine to show the most lack of respect towards Hassan. As I would like to think I feel that segregation towards Hazaras in Kabul is repulsive in light of the fact that they are treated as though they are an alternate race of individuals. Hazaras have the specific physical highlights as any normal individual however they are dealt with like they are slaves. This is the means by which segregation, which is one of the subjects that isn't discussed a ton, is critical in this book. Viciousness is additionally one of the topics that are not talked about so much, savagery ought to be on the grounds that it is significant and it is covered up. There are numerous models that show brutality in the book. One of the models that show savagery is when Hassan gets assaulted when Assef and his posse encompass him. The writer doesn't tell the peruser that Hassan got assaulted yet rather he makes Wali, one of the individuals from Assef’s posse, tell Assef â€Å"My father says it’s sinful† (Page 75) This is a roundabout message to educate the peruser that Hassan gets assaulted. This is one incredible model that brutality assumes a major job during the time spent this book. Assef could of threated Hassan as opposed to assaulting him. As I would like to think I believe that he was unable to have accomplished something that wasn’t identified with viciousness. Assef needed to have his retribution on Hassan yet it was difficult to accomplish something that has nothing to do with savagery. Later on in the book, when Amir and Hassan don't converse with one another after Hassan got assaulted for him over a kite. Hassan inquired as to whether he could go under the pomegranate tree and let Amir read a story for him. At the point when Amir and Hassan were under the pomegranate tree, Hassan asked Amir what he was fouling up so he could stop, Amir revealed to him that Hassan should go to bat for himself. Hassan didn't reply and Amir began to toss pomegranates on Hassan, Amir at that point let him know â€Å"Hit me back! Hit me back goddamn you† (Page 92) this is another incredible model that shows the brutality that is remembered for the book. Hassan is the most faithful individual in the book and Amir doesn't value it; rather Amir needs Hassan to hit him with a pomegranate. When Hassan stands up, he at that point spreads a pomegranate all over and leaves. This is the way savagery plays a topic in the book. It isn't as noticeable as different topics in the book however it is as noteworthy as different subjects. Reclamation, separation, and savagery are topics in Khaled Hosseini’s kite sprinter that assume a major job in the book. Without these three topics it is difficult to picture if the book would wind up the way that it really wound up being. Statements and Information taken from â€Å"Kite Runner† by Khaled Hosseini

How the Experimental Method Works in Psychology

How the Experimental Method Works in Psychology Student Resources Study Guides and Tips Print How the Experimental Method Works in Psychology By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on November 24, 2019 Caiaimage/Sam Edwards / Getty Images More in Student Resources Study Guides and Tips APA Style and Writing Careers How exactly do researchers investigate the human mind and behavior? While there are a number of different research techniques, the experimental method allows researchers to look at cause-and-effect relationships. In the experimental method, researchers identify and define key variables, formulate a hypothesis, manipulate the variables and collect data on the results. Extraneous variables are carefully controlled to minimize a potential impact on the outcome of the experiment.?? A Closer Look at the Experimental Method in Psychology The experimental method involves manipulating one variable to determine if changes in one variable cause changes in another variable. This method relies on controlled methods, random assignment and the manipulation of variables to test a hypothesis. Types of Experiments There are a few different types of experiments that researchers might choose to use. The type of experiment chosen might depend on a variety of factors including the participants, the hypothesis and the resources available to the researchers. 1. Lab Experiments Lab experiments are very common in psychology because they allow experimenters more control over the variables. These experiments can also be easier for other researchers to replicate. The problem, of course, is that what takes place in a lab is not always identical to what takes place in the real world. 2. Field Experiments Sometimes researchers might opt to conduct their experiments in the field. For example, lets imagine that a social psychologist is interested in researching prosocial behavior. The experimenter might have a person pretend to faint and observe to see how long it takes onlookers to respond. This type of experiment can be a great way to see behavior in action in realistic settings. However, it makes it more difficult for the researchers to control the variables and can introduce confounding variables that might influence the results. 3. Quasi-Experiments While lab and field experiments represent what is known as true experiments, researchers can also utilize a third type known as a quasi-experiment. These are often referred to as natural experiments because the researchers do not have true control over the independent variable. Instead, the treatment level is determined by the natural conditions of the situation. A researcher looking at personality differences and birth order, for example, is not able to manipulate the independent variable in the situation. Treatment levels cannot be randomly assigned because the participants naturally fall into pre-existing groups based on their birth order in their families. So why would a researcher choose to use a quasi-experiment? This is a good choice in situations where scientists and interested in studying phenomena in natural, real-world settings. It is also a good choice in situations where researchers cannot ethically manipulate the independent variable in question. Key Terms to Know In order to understand how the experimental method works, there are some key terms you should first understand. The independent variable is the treatment that the experimenter manipulates. This variable is assumed to cause some type of effect on another variable. If a researcher was investigating how sleep influences test scores, the amount of sleep an individual gets would be the independent variable. The dependent variable is the effect that the experimenter is measuring. In our previous example, the test scores would be the dependent variable. Operational definitions are necessary in order to perform an experiment. When we say something is an independent variable or dependent variable, we need to have a very clear and specific definition of the meaning and scope of that variable. A hypothesis is a tentative statement or guesses about the possible relationship between two or more variables. In our earlier example, the researcher might hypothesize that people who get more sleep will perform better on a math test the next day. The purpose of the experiment is then to either support or fail to support this hypothesis. The Experimental Process Psychologists, like other scientists, utilize the scientific method when conducting an experiment. The scientific method is a set of procedures and principles that guide how scientists develop research questions, collect data and come to conclusions. The four basic steps of the process are: Forming a HypothesisDesigning a Study and Collecting DataAnalyzing the Data and Reaching ConclusionsSharing the Findings Most psychology students will be expected to use the experimental method at some point. If you want to take a closer look at the process, be sure to check out a step-by-step breakdown of how to conduct a psychology experiment for more information.

5 Minimum GPA Scholarships in 2018 Enjoy the Benefits of Studying

If you’re a high school or college student, you’re likely familiar with the financial benefits of scholarships. Scholarships can allow students to go to school with little to no student debt. Of course, there are more great things about scholarships too. The financial help is only the beginning! In addition to having to pay less to get a solid education, you will see educational benefits. Students who have received scholarships usually stay in school. They are more focused on studying because they are less worried about money. This leads to better grades too. All too often, students become concerned about their financial situation because they don’t have scholarships. They might have to work multiple jobs in order to make it through school. This can cause a lot of stress and make students want to leave school entirely. Students who earn scholarships will be more recognized by their future employers. It looks better on a job application if you worked hard to get a scholarship. If you received a scholarship for your grades, it will show your future employer that you have a strong work ethic and that you’re motivated. Finally, since you won’t be concerned about money, you will have more time to enjoy yourself while you’re at college. You should be spending your time studying, but you will also have downtime to take advantage of on-campus organizations. This is also a good chance for you to get an internship and gain more real-world experience. If you happen to obtain a scholarship, you will have to meet a certain GPA requirement. This will vary by the scholarship. Make sure that you are aware of any GPA guidelines that have been set so that you don’t risk losing your scholarship. Maybe you don’t have an insanely high GPA. This can lead many students to avoid trying to get scholarships. They think that they can’t get scholarships with an average GPA. Luckily, there are plenty of scholarships available for students who aren’t complete geniuses. Getting any type of scholarship is going to be a little bit of a challenge, but it’s definitely worth the effort. Try your best to get one or more scholarships, which will help you to work through school. We’ve compiled a list of some of the lower GPA scholarships available for students in 2018. Cappex Easy College Money Scholarship (https://www.fastweb.com/college-scholarships/scholarships/170791) If you want to apply for this scholarship, all you have to do is answer a simple question. It doesn’t even involve an entire essay. To make it even better, you don’t have to meet a GPA requirement in order to win it! Liasion’s Data Inspired Future Scholarship (https://www.fastweb.com/college-scholarships/scholarships/169574-liaison-s-data-inspired-future-scholarship) This scholarship simply requires submitting a 30 to 60-second video. There is no GPA requirement in order to qualify for the scholarship. It’s simply a video about data in society. ScholarshipPoints $10,000 Scholarship (https://www.fastweb.com/college-scholarships/scholarships/170683) Every three months, ScholarshipPoints gives away $10,000 to a lucky student. This is one of the easiest entries we’ve seen. All you have to do is create an account on the ScholarshipPoints website. It will just take you a couple of minutes to enter! Delete Cyberbullying Scholarship (https://www.fastweb.com/college-scholarships/scholarships/158242) This scholarship is based on a single 500-word essay. It needs to be written about why cyberbullying should be deleted. There’s no GPA requirement, and you could get $1,000 from this scholarship! Student Transportation Video Contest (https://www.fastweb.com/college-scholarships/scholarships/160968-student-transportation-video-contest) For this scholarship, you have to record a two to four-minute video about transportation. $500 is up for grabs, which may not seem like a lot. It will begin to pile up though. Even if you aren’t a straight-A student, you can still get your hands on scholarship money. Your GPA doesn’t have to be high in order for you to be awarded scholarships. A little bit of work can go a long way!

The Importance Of Receiving An Education During The Civil War

Receiving an education has been the coined in Americas’ society as any individual only way to gain access to the key for success equally for all. However, in history blacks were deprived from this right many today take for granted. Before the Civil War, the blacks were deprived, mislead, and discouraged on perusing an education. It was instigated by those who feared that it will only lead to discontent and rebellions by the African Americans. The United States Congress instituted the Freedmen’s Bureau which helped former slaves in the south in the aftermath of the Civil War, and an estimate of four million slaves were deemed free. The Freedmen’s Bureau provided food, housing and medical aid, and established schools and offered legal assistance. The bureau supervised the schools. The classes ranged from elementary level through college. These schools provided a formal core curriculum of: arithmetic, reading, writing, history, and geography. It also provided other curriculums like: civics, politics, home economics, and vocational training. The school then averaged to a total of ten teachers and an estimated 1,041 students by January 1866. By July of 1866, just six months later, the Freedmen Bureau in Texas had ninety schools with forty-three teachers and 4,590 students attending. By the end of 1870 there were a declined with only eighty-eight schools and eighty-five teachers and 4,478 students in Texas. By 1871, Texas organized a public school system formed. By 1872,Show MoreRelatedThe Civil Military Dialogue Is The Most Critical Component Of Strategic Art1400 Words   |  6 PagesArguably, civil-military dialogue is the most critical component of strategic art as it serves to build trust and create shared understanding. High levels of trust and understanding facilitate the matching of strategy to policy while forming the guiding logic that underpins the chosen theory of victory. 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Patients With Musculoskeletal Disorders Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(141) " Bone hurting frequently occurs at dark, which is a consequence of increased force per unit area on the periosteum or associated hyperaemia\." Jane Doe, a 22-year-old patient with no old medical history, nowadayss to the exigency section with ailment of low back hurting after stealing on a wet floor at work and falling. The patient states that the hurting is changeless hurting and radiates down both legs ( sciatica ) . The MRI shows pulled musculuss and ligaments environing the L4- L5 country. We will write a custom essay sample on Patients With Musculoskeletal Disorders Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The exigency doctor provides the undermentioned discharge orders: Bed remainder with bathroom privileges for two yearss. Apply ice battalion to take down back for 20 proceedingss several times a twenty-four hours for the first 48 hours, and so get downing twenty-four hours three and on, use a warming tablet for 20 proceedingss on and 20 proceedingss off several times per twenty-four hours for the following several yearss as needed to alleviate hurting. Take 400 milligram of ibuprofen every six hours and 5 milligrams Flexeril ( Flexeril ) t.i.d. After two yearss of bed remainder, sit in chair three times per twenty-four hours for no more than 20 proceedingss. Ambulate around place and pace as tolerated, bit by bit increasing activity. Avoid distortion, bending, or making for objects. Avoid raising anything more than 5 lbs of weight for one hebdomad. See physician in one hebdomad for farther rating. Explain the principle for the disposal of ice for 48 hours followed by the application of heat. Explain the principle for the disposal of the isobutylphenyl propionic acid and musculus relaxer. What are the expected patient results for the patient in this instance survey? Case Study 2 John Tuliro, a 32-year-old patient, is admitted to the medical-surgical unit after a gunshot lesion of the right lower leg infected with staphylococci was debrided. The patient is diagnosed with osteomyelitis. The patient ‘s right lower leg is warm to touch and dropsical, and the patient states that the appendage has a changeless pulsating hurting that increases with any motion of the leg. The patient ‘s sed rate and leucocyte rates are elevated. The physician orders the followers for the patient: Admit to medical unit with critical marks every four hours Bed remainder Elevate affected leg on pillows above the degree of the bosom Warm sterile saline soaks for 20 proceedingss t.i.d. with wet-to-dry dressing alteration Levofloxacin ( Levaquin ) 750 milligram IVPB every twenty-four hours Renal profile, CBC with differential in A.M. Regular diet with high-protein addendum shingles Vitamin C 250 milligram Po b.i.d. Meperidine ( Demerol ) 100 milligram Po every four hours Docusate Na ( Colace ) 100 milligram b.i.d. The patient asks the nurse why he has to remain in bed. The nurse should supply what principle for this step? What nursing intercessions should the nurse provide the patient? ( Individual ) DISCUSS INDIVIDUAL AND LIFESTYLE RISK FACTORS FOR OSTEOPOROSIS The followers are the hazard factors of Osteoporosis: Geneticss – White or Asiatic, Female, Family History, Small Frame – Predisposes to moo bone mass Age – Postmenopause, Advanced Age, Low testosterone in work forces, decreased calcitonin – Hormones ( estrogen, calcitonin, and testosterone ) inhibit bone loss Nutrition – Low Calcium Intake, Low Vitamin D Intake, High Phosphate Intake, Inadequate Calories – Reduces foods needed for bone remodeling Physical Exercise – Sedentary, Lack of Weight Bearing Exercises, Low Weight and Body Mass Index – Boness needs emphasis for bone care Lifestyle Choices – Caffeine, Alcohol, Smoking, Lack of exposure to Sunlight – Reduces osteogenesis in bone remodeling Medicines – Cortocosteroids, antiseizure medicines, Lipo-Hepin, thyroid endocrine – affects calcium soaking up and metamorphosis Comorbidity – Anorexia Nervosa, Hyperthyroidism, Malabsorption Syndrome. Renal Failure – Affects calcium soaking up and metablosim Hormonal fluctuations are one of the grounds for gender differences when it comes to the development of osteoporosis. In adult females, estrogen has a function in relation to osteoporosis, while testosterone, estrogen and other endocrines in work forces besides relate to this. Besides, menopausal period in adult females histories for osteoporosis, low endogenous estrogen degrees increases the hazard. Lifestyle factors such as smoke, imbibing intoxicant and sedentary activities, besides increases the hazard for osteoporosis. Nutritional factors that increase the hazard, includes the undermentioned: day-to-day consumption that is less than 1000 – 1500 milligram of Ca and 400 – 600 International units of Vit. D. Eating high protein diet, imbibing caffeine, Na and P has negative consequence on Ca balance in the organic structure, hence, increasing hazard for osteoporosis. There are certain medicines that can impact bone remodeling, and increase hazard for secondary osteoporosis. DISCUSS THE DIFFERENCES IN MEDICAL MANAGEMENT FOR PRIMARY BONE TUMORS VERSUS METASTATIC BONE DISEASE. Primary bone tumour ‘s end of intervention is to destruct or take the tumour. It is accomplished by surgical exersion, radiation therapy if the tumour is radiosensitive, and chemotherapy. Limb-sparing processs are used to take the tumour and next tissue. Replacement of the affected tissue is really of import. This can be done through the undermentioned: customized prosthetic device, entire joint arthroplasty or bone tissue from the patient ( autoplasty ) or from cadaver giver ( homograft ) . Surgical remotion of the affected portion may necessitate amputation. To forestall metastasis of malignant bone tumour, chemotherapy is started before and continued after surgery, to eliminate micromestatic lesions. Alleviative direction is the intervention for metastatic bone malignant neoplastic disease. Its end is to alleviate hurting and uncomfortableness while advancing quality of life. Structural support and stabilisation is needed to forestall break, as the bone weakens. Contraceptive internal arrested development helps beef up big castanetss with metastatic lesions. DISCUSS CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF PAGET ‘S DISEASE, AND ITS PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT FOR EACH. Paget ‘s disease are ab initio symptomless. The castanetss that are normally involved include the vertebrae, pelvic girdle, braincase, breastbone and proximal terminals of the long castanetss. Diagnosis of this disease is made by studies of bone hurting or malformation, through X ray or by sensing of elevated serum alkaline phosphate degrees found though biochemical testing. The followers are the most common ailments of patients who are enduring from Paget ‘s disease such as hurting. Skeletal malformation, and alteration in skin temperature. Joint disfunction may ensue from harm to gristle and degenerative arthritis. Bone hurting frequently occurs at dark, which is a consequence of increased force per unit area on the periosteum or associated hyperaemia. You read "Patients With Musculoskeletal Disorders Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" Other manifestations that can happen include lessened mobility and unsteady pace. Neurological complications can besides happen which is caused by nervus root compaction or nervus entrapment. These constructions are next to pagetic bone near a nervus hiatuss or canal. Common clinical manifestation of Paget ‘s disease is assorted sensorineural and conductive hearing loss. Low back hurting can besides happen because of vertebral organic structure and facet expansions, loss of lumbar holl ow-back, dorsal humpback, spinal encroachment and altered pace kineticss. The short term aim in handling Paget ‘s disease is to relieve the associated bone hurting, while the long term aim, is to relieve the patterned advance of the disease. The pharmacologic therapy includes calcitonin, plimamycin, and Ga nitrate, and the biphosphonates. The chief end of this therapy is to command the disease activity, normalize biochemical parametric quantities and to better the symptoms. LIST REHABILITATION AND HEALTH EDUCATION STRATEGIES USED FOR PATIENT WITH LOW BACK PAIN. A comprehensive rehabilitation should include a careful rating for a specific end and interventions based on best grounds are exercising, cognitive behavioural intervention, wellness instruction and others. We should teach the patient to avoid return of the followers: Standing, sitting, lying and raising decently are necessary for a healthy dorsum. Alternate periods of activity with periods of remainder. Avoid prolonged sitting, standing and driving. Change places and remainder at frequent intervals. Avoid presuming tense, cramped places. Sit in a straight-back chair with the articulatio genuss somewhat higher than the hips. Use footrest if necessary. Flatten the hollow back by sitting with the natess tucked under. Pelvic tilt lessenings hollow-back. Avoid articulatio genus and hip extension. When driving a auto, have the place pushed frontward as necessary for comfort. Put a shock absorber in the little of the dorsum for support. When standing for any length of clip, rest one pes on a little stool or platform to alleviate lumbar lurdosis. Avoid weariness, which contributes to spasm of back musculuss. Use good organic structure mechanics when lifting and traveling approximately. Daily exercising is of import in the bar of back jobs. Make prescribed back exercisings twice daily strengthens back, leg, and abdominal musculuss. Walking out-of-doorss is recommended. Reduce weight if necessary lessenings strain on back musculuss. IDENTIFY COMMON FOOT DISORDERS. IDENTIFY THE SPECIFIC STRUCTURE INVOLVED. Common Foot Disorders: Plantar Fascitis – it is a plantar heel hurting, which evolves from the bone ( list goad ) or plantar facia. Morton ‘s Neuroma – It is the annoyance and devolution of the digital nervousnesss in the toes that produces a painful mass near the country of metatarsals. Hallux Disorders: Valgus, Rigidus, and Sprains – Acute hurt to the ligaments and capsule of the MTP articulation. Lateral divergence of the first toe greater than the the normal angle of 15 grades between the tarsus and metatarsus This may take to a painful prominence of the medical facet of the MTP articulation. Degenerative status of the first MTP articulation taking to trouble and stiffness. DISCUSS THE INVOLVEMENT OF VITAMIN D IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF OSTEOMALACIA. IDENTIFY TREATMENT RELATED TO CAUSE. Vitamin D lack is the most common cause of osteomalacia. Essential for Ca and P metamorphosis is Vitamin D, it is the critical elements in mineralization of the bone. The major beginning of Vitamin D is synthesis in the tegument exposed to sunlight. Dietary alteration is needed by eating nutrient rich in Vitamin D, such as fatty fish oils, liver and egg yolks. Vitamin D addendum is besides suggested. Develop A Plan OF CARE FOR AN ASSIGNED PATIENT WITH LOW BACK PAIN. Nursing Intervention for Low Back Pain: Relieving Pain Advise patient to remain active and avoid bed remainder, in most instances. Keep pillow between flexed articulatio genuss while in side-lying place minimizes strain on dorsum musculuss Apply heat or ice as prescribed. Administer or learn self-administration of hurting medicines and musculus relaxant. Promoting Mobility Encourage ROM of all uninvolved musculus groups. Suggest gradual addition in activities and jumping activities with remainder in semi-fowler ‘s place. Avoid prolonged periods of sitting, standing, or lying down. Promote patient to discourse jobs that may be lending to backache. Promote patient to make order back exercisings. Exercise keeps postural musculuss strong, helps recondition the dorsum and abdominal muscular structure, a and serves as an mercantile establishment for emotional tenseness. Give A TEMPLATE, COMPLETE A DISEASE MAP ON A PATIENT WITH CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME. Picture1.png Complete A THEORETICAL CASE STUDY ON AN ACTUAL CLINICAL PATIENT WITH OSTEOMYELITIS. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.scribd.com/doc/44830270/Osteomyelitis-Case-Study ( Web Assignments ) USING THE INTERNET, RESEARCH LITERATURE ADDRESSING MANAGEMENT OF OSTEOPOROSIS. IDENTIFY NEW MEDICATIONS ON THE Market TO TREAT THIS DISEASE. Linkss: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC493281/ hypertext transfer protocol: //www.webmd.com/osteoporosis/news/20100602/fda-approves-prolia-for-high-risk-osteoporosis As the basic aim of forestalling the advancement of osteoporosis to a patient is to minimise bone break, direction of osteoporosis is discussed in this article through many ways changing on the patient ‘s degree of break hazard. Prevention in a non medical therapy was described as holding good nutrition, healthy life style and autumn bar. Exercise and the assistance of vitamin D addendums can really assist in forestalling or decreasing the hazard of osteoporosis. Medical intervention on the other manus comes in many signifiers ; as it is to be administered based on the guidelines for get downing pharmacologic therapy. Medicines for osteoporosis direction are classified in to two, the antiresorptive agents and anabolic agents, both of which moving as agents to cut down break hazard. In the following article, a freshly approved intervention was released and approved for the direction of osteoporosis. Prolia is a biological, lab-induced intervention that is said to hold the ability to demobilize the organic structure bone ‘s breakdown mechanism. It was approved under specified types of interventions though. It can merely be administered to patients of station menopausal phase and has a high hazard of bone break caused by osteoporosis. Or to patients who already had osteoporosis interventions but had failed. Or in conclusion, to patients who ca n’t digest other osteoporosis interventions. What this intervention does is to decelerate down the procedure of bone dislocation, doing the patient less susceptible to cram break. In malice of the advantages of the said intervention though, side effects to this intervention besides has its downsides. Most common of which is the patients experiencing back, musculus, and bone strivings. It is through this ground t hat patients with low degrees of Ca were besides prevented to utilize this sort of intervention Find A REASEARCH ARTICLE COMPARING PRIMARY BONE TUMORS TO METASTATIC BONE TUMORS. SUMMARIZE IN TERMS OF MANAGEMENT. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.merckmanuals.com/professional/sec04/ch044/ch044d.html Primary A ; metastatic bone tumours fundamentally differ from its beginning. As primary tumour are defined as tumours which have started from the bone itself, metastatic tumours, besides known as secondary tumours are defined as tumours which have originated from another parts of the organic structure that had resulted to or affected the bone every bit good. As primary bone tumours are treated the same as with other tumours found in the other parts of the organic structure. Patients besides undergo radiation and chemotherapy every bit good as surgery. For painful vertebral break, Kyphoplasty or vertebraplasty are besides considered as options to relieve hurting. Metastatic bone tumours on the other are treated the same as with primary bone tumours though since it has its beginning from a different country, intervention are to be considered depending on how it will impact the full organic structure of the patient or all of which that is with tumour ( chest, lung, prostate, etc. ) How to cite Patients With Musculoskeletal Disorders Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Mental Health Disorders Are As A Result †Myassignmenhelp.Com

Question: How to Mental Health Disorders Are as a Result? Answer: Introduction Mental health disorders are as a result of physical disturbances present in a person and supported by signs and symptoms. It has shown effects on the behavioral patterns , feelings characterized by deep ongoing sadness, euphoria etc and the thinking process through delusions and fixed belies that are natural in light of any conflicting evidence. With the need to assess mental health status, a factor such as perception, has been used to display the symptoms and signs observed in the clinical manifestation. General characteristic of a mentally healthy person includes how a person feels about himself and to adjust to life events. They often feel good about themselves and become overwhelmed by emotions, such as fear, anger, love, jealousy, guilt of anxiety. Mentally healthy person becomes satisfied with people and laugh at themselves and at others, they respect themselves and others if there are any differences, and the ability to accept differences in front of them, (Fevang, Hysing, Mar kestad and Sommerfelt, 2016). Healthy people are able to meet the demands and handle problems when they occur and be able to make decisions by themselves; finally they shape the environment within them where possible. Psychological issues of the child In this case study, Student Mark is displaying signs and symptoms of mental health disease. He has hearing problems and mood disorders fixated on imaginary things which are none existent. He has developed emotional problems with regards to the behavior of loneliness and fear of mingling with others. Research has shown that a number of school children have shown behavioral patterns which portrays emotional problems, (Pellecchia et al., 2016). Mark is emotionally and psychologically upset and signs indicated portray clinical depression and display of conduct disorder. Her mother is unable to identify Marks behavior patterns and this has led to worsening of his situation. Marks mental state has had significant changes on his emotional and psychological wellbeing, signifying a higher degree of the condition. Support for the child Support to this kind of patients is crucial in managing the problems displayed by the child. The use of mental support and help to these patients is crucial in managing their problems, (Soenens et al., 2017). Many people often are reluctant to seek for other medical treatments due to the associated stigma which they may feel. The current society which we live has the norm of viewing the mental issue differently from the medical of view. Many people often see this as sign of weakness. However for Mark, there is need recognize the need for emotional support, taking positive action is paramount. Seeking the services of a therapist in this scenario is relevant for the person and confiding in them for better solution is important. It is important to seek help from professionals who will look into psychosocial development of the child and cultural and environmental factors which forced the child to act in the same way. The assistance of teachers is essential in mental health care status. I nclusion of specialist care is critical in supporting even the teacher in copping up with the child in coming with management technique to suit and serve the best inters of the child. Stakeholders available for support Studies done have shown that mental illness begin developing at age 14 and those affecting the child can often start earlier than this,(Kessler, Chiu, Demler, Merkangas Walters, 2005 ), thus there is need to support the children and their parents in seeking this help in the early life and prevent further development of other disorders later in life. When mental illness develops it affects the child and parent tremendously hence there is need to seek help. Organizations and professionals are in plenty to offer help and support. In a collaborative action, the support from different players is needed to help the child to recover/ the usage of natural therapies for the child will be helpful. Natural therapies and life coaching go hand in hand with the support needed for the child, which they will offer a range of techniques, to promote the wellness of the person and recovery which include provision of medicine, ad homeopathy care. Availability of community and neighborhood services is e ssential in managing the child mental health states. Seeking online support is essential in mental health is available for the parent. Medical support is available for the child. Seeking services of a psychology doctor and inquest from the teacher might be required for further clarity of the child behavior. Support centers for the mental health include mental specialist assistance like a psychiatrist, social worker, clinical psychologist, school psychologist if available and metal counselors. There organizations which deal with mental health which included Mental Health Australia, It Offers Education To The Public And Offer Help To Mentally Challenged People, Others Include, Mental Health Association, Mental Health Foundation, Mental Health Association, Sane Australia Foundation, Gow Foundation, Mind Australia, Mind Health, Black Dog Institute, Mental Health Fellowships, Australian Association For Mental Health , Mental Health In Multicultural Australia And Mental Health services av ailable, there are many agencies which offer support to the mental problems in the society. Other individual care centers can include, community health centers, hospital psychiatrists, Family services and social agencies, Peer support groups for the parent, and the wide range of psychiatric societies mentioned above, (Silverman Hinsahw, 2008). Gaps available for mental care In addressing the mental needs of the victim of psychological disorders, there are significant shortfalls which exist and must be tackled with the seriousness it deserves. This shortfall impacts on the ability of seeking mental health recovery assistance in the community for an individual life. Existing data for example in Australia indicates that only a quarter of the demand for psychological help is met, these services are associated with clinical support and help in reducing the hospital admissions. Shortage also has been observed in the medical staff to address the issue in the community set up to help people manage help and recover from the disease states. Number of workers to offer help are insufficient especially when dealing with child and adolescent issues, (Proctor et al., 2009) The impacts this has had is that many mental crisis patients are turned away from services, many acute systems in mental institutions are not well equipped to offer advanced care needed to meet the needs of the people. Studies done on a global level reveal a huge disparity gaps in meeting g the needs of these patients. European Data shows that within EU, Netherlands has higher prevalence rate of untreated mental and psychological disorders, with of them having no access to treatment, outside the EU boundaries, in Ukraine , one in five mentally ill patients are receiving treatment, (Torrez, 2009). This trend has proven the assumption that lack of treatment for those in severe cases is relevant and the problem does not lie on the resources but the priority issue of the mentally ill patients to access to medical programs. Advocacy for mental health Advocacy initiatives in mental health care are crucial in managing mental needs of the patients. There is need to support the victims for better physical, emotional, cognitive, social and emotional for building good foundations for the future. In promoting the wellbeing of this special category of people, there is need for community measures being put in place to support and foster safe and supportive environment and building cherish able relationships for children. This advocacy role should be able to show up in provision of support for the society and health care for the society during all stages of life from pregnancy to adult hood. Advocacy measures ensure the needs of children and larger family are heard and taken cared off by providing the required services and support. For targeted advocacy initiatives, there is need to identify the needs available in regard to the well being of the people with mental issues and take initiatives to advocate for those at greater needs of develo ping further mental problems of disorders in the life. Advocacy actions initiated include being the speaker for the people and targeting specific groups, which can children, families ,prisoners among others, participating in research and raising the issue s which have significant impact and top provide information to the concern parties at both international, national, community and at individual levels, (Pilowsky et al., 2016). Policy advocacy on recommendations and actions for better health outcome of the mentally challenged people is key for initiation of targeted programs and taking part in community actions as well as joining relevant discussions concerning these issues at the low levels and taking relevant awareness needs. Conclusion The needs of mentally challenged people are diverse and needs collaborative action for better health outcomes in the society. Theirs is need for clear identification of support initiatives and channels to make health access swift. In part of these initiatives, advocating for taking for this group enables address and facilitation of assistance to the people as well as improving their health state. References Fevang, S.K.E., Hysing, M., Markestad, T. and Sommerfelt, K., 2016. Mental health in children born extremely preterm without severe neurodevelopmental disabilities. Pediatrics, pp.peds-2015. Kessler, R.C., Chiu, W.T., Demler, O. and Walters, E.E., 2005. Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of general psychiatry, 62(6), pp.617-627. Pellecchia, M., Connell, J.E., Kerns, C.M., Xie, M., Marcus, S.C. and Mandell, D.S., 2016. Child characteristics associated with outcome for children with autism in a school-based behavioral intervention. Autism, 20(3), pp.321-329. Pilowsky, D.J., Rojas, G., Price, L.N., Appiah-Poku, J., Razzaque, B., Sharma, M., Schneider, M., Seedat, S., Bonini, B.B., Gureje, O. and Kola, L., 2016. Building Research Capacity Across and Within Low-and Middle-Income Countries: The Collaborative Hubs for International Research on Mental Health. Academic psychiatry, 40(4), pp.686-691. Proctor, E.K., Landsverk, J., Aarons, G., Chambers, D., Glisson, C. and Mittman, B., 2009. Implementation research in mental health services: an emerging science with conceptual, methodological, and training challenges. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 36(1), pp.24-34. Silverman, W.K. and Hinshaw, S.P., 2008. The second special issue on evidence-based psychosocial treatments for children and adolescents: A 10-year update. Journal of Clinical Child Adolescent Psychology, 37(1), pp.1-7. Soenens, B., Deci, E.L. and Vansteenkiste, M., 2017. How Parents Contribute to Childrens Psychological Health: The Critical Role of Psychological Need Support. In Development of Self-Determination Through the Life-Course (pp. 171-187). Springer Netherlands. Torres-Gonzlez, F. 2009. The gap in treatment of serious mental disorder in the community: a public health problem. Mental Health in Family Medicine, 6(2), 7174.

Delia Smith and Jamie Oliver Essay Example

Delia Smith and Jamie Oliver Essay Delia Smith and Jamie Oliver are both extremely influential television chefs, however their methods and approaches used to convey themselves and their programmes are extremely comparative. Compare and discuss. However, before I begin, I feel it beneficial to look a little into the history previous of their fruitful careers in cookery. This will enable me to retrieve a fuller picture on how their backgrounds influenced whom and what each portray present day. Jamie Oliver was born in South end on 27th May 1975 to Sally and Trevor Oliver. His only sibling is his little sister, Anne Marie. When he was two years old he moved to the small village of Clavering. Here his family bought a pub, which they name The Cricketers. Both his parents and many uncles are cooks. The catering tradition runs in the family. Jamie began helping out in the kitchens of the Cricketer from as young as the age of 7. Here Jamie realised his desire to cater. As Jamie grew older he was keen to learn all elements of the catering trade. Jamie attended Newport Free Grammar Boys School. From Primary school to secondary school, teachers can remember Jamie always mixing himself up with mischief. Due to this, he was incredibly popular. We will write a custom essay sample on Delia Smith and Jamie Oliver specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Delia Smith and Jamie Oliver specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Delia Smith and Jamie Oliver specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Teachers say, He could never sit still, but he was friendly and very popular. Jamie was more interested in cooking and his rock band Scarlet Division. At 16 years of age he met Jules. Now 27, Jamie is married to Jules and has one child. He has recognisably become one of the most influential television cooks ever. Delia Smith was born in Surrey in 1941 and brought up in Kent. Leaving school without a single qualification, she eventually found herself washing up in a small London restaurant. Harnessed with the desire to learn how to cook and after much persistence, she was allowed to help the chefs. Thus began her love of cooking and traditional British recipes. She then fostered her personal mission to pass on her knowledge and growing skills to others. In 1969 she then became cookery writer for the Daily Mirrors new magazine. From then onwards she continued to excel in her profession and receive many national awards such as an OBE and honorary degree from various universities. Already we can see that Delia and Jamie differ immensely. However, both are extremely successful in their attempt to catch and hold the attention of their viewers. I do not think they each purposely aimed for their present audiences, I believe it was and is out of their control. Delia and Jamie inescapably appeal to contrasting audiences due to their distinctive characteristics and methods. Over the years, Delia Smith has gradually established a consistent audience. By observing the way in which Delia conducts herself (in terms of language, speech, dress code and gesture) I suggest her audience greatly consists of older middle classed women like herself, who do not intend to follow the recipes but aspire to cook. They simply watch the programme as they perceive Delia as a eminent role model and admire both who and what she represents the perfect high status housewife, motherly and caring and the essential English tradition. To a fraction of her audience, Delia solely represents English tradition. This is mainly to the older viewers who appear less likely to accept new ideas and recipes that fashionable TV chefs propose. They dearly appreciate the rarity Delia provides. However, I believe that by far Delias audience mainly consist of dedicated cookers who thoroughly appreciate the job Delia does and have immense love and respect for her and her methods. Jamie on the other hand, in what can be said, a considerably short amount of time in the cooking industry, has bestowed an ever-growing chain of encouragement from his devoted viewers. Jamies mannerisms, use of language, dress code, attitude, personal looks, surroundings and even his opinions compile together what his audiences crave Jamies complete individuality! Jamie youth and possession of his working class roots, enable him to relate to young working class people in urban communities. Jamies use of colloquial language and common phrases such as pukka, makes it even easier for working class people to relate to him, whilst empowering them at the same time. I suggest that perhaps Jamie is indiscreetly a revolutionist to the world of cookery. He being male empowers other males to consider or even take cookery up. Jamie also represents men in modern day society; positions are changing. Men are no longer seen to be tough as boots and unemotional. As little as 20 years ago, a man even setting foot into the kitchen was completely unheard of, it was seen as a womens job. Surprisingly, Jamie appeals to older women, but not due to the same reasons as Delias. Older women may find Jamie sexy. The idea of a man being able to cook may appeal as seductive or romantic. It comes as no surprise, Delia and Jamie appeal to contrasting audiences therefore they are both going to appeal to them in different ways. Both Delia and Jamies love for cookery is presented inconsistently but in skilled ways. I believe their love for cooking is equal. Delia seems to take her job more seriously. She provides us with an extensive instructional yet informative programme, providing us with a step-by-step guide on how to cook her dishes. She consistently reassures the viewer and provides alternatives wherever possible. Due to this method the audience can sense Delias love for cooking, as it seems she knows her stuff and wants to portray this to the audience. Therefore everything in Delias programme must be right and accurate. However, Jamie tends to take his in his stride. He provides us with an inspirational programme, viewers watch him with an open mind, as it seems he gives more opinionated information allowing his viewers to make choices. Delia deals with her programme as what it actually is, a job a task, which has to be completed. Whereas Jamie portrays to the viewer that cooking is like an experimental adventure that you cant go wrong with. Delias characteristics are to an extent completely the opposite of Jamies. Delia promotes seriousness and strictness. Whereas Jamie, is laid back and relaxed. I suggest this is because Delia feels as if she is required to live up to her high reputation of cooking. Jamie has entered the industry genuinely being himself. People respect Jamie for this. Delia only shows her viewers one side the always happy, bliss nothing will go wrong side. It seems as if Delia has little substance, her personality leaks less than Jamies. Of course, it is only natural to have more than one side to a person, as we are only human including Delia herself. Jamie however, kindly lets the viewers into personal life. This is very clever, as it warms the viewers to him, making him even more favourable to a young modern and trendy audience. Delias programme only has one main aspect to it. She speaks to her viewers instructing through the camera, providing them with a simple step-by-step guide. It is just she and the camera. Delia is the only person we see. Jamie has many different aspects to his programme. For one, Jamie has an interviewer who asks him crucial questions that the viewers want to know. So in a sense, the interviewer represents the audience. This means that Jamie doesnt speak directly to the audience as Delia does. Delias programme may seem more personalised to the audience as she speaks directly to them. However, Jamies method seems more rewarding, as the interviewer is able to find out about the dish specifically by asking him desirable questions. Viewers are then able to jot this down. You arent given a chance to ask Delia any questions regarding her dishes. However, Delia is very precise and specific and she usually she covers everything youll need to know about the dish. Another interesting aspect to Jamies programme is when he begins cooking; he has an important task in mind. Delia cooks for the benefit of her viewers, Jamie cooks for an event or specific person. With this in mind, there is always an element of emotion on the part of the viewers. Jamie provides his audience with a story whilst still informing them how to cook. Usually its gripping will he make it in time where will he get the food from everywhere is shut! As Jamie solves these problems, his audiences are able to judge him as a person and observe how he deals with these situations. Viewers are then able to warm to him, as he is seen as a human being who has problems equally as anyone else. Delia is incredibly easy to understand. Her tone of voice adds to the simplicity of her instructions and methods. Her soft, mellow, gentle, slow voice comforts the viewer. She makes her programme easy for older and elderly people to understand due to the slow pace she speaks at. Delia speaks in Standard English, which makes it soothing and plain for all to understand whether middle classed or working class. She constantly reassures the viewer filling in any doubts. She comes across as caring, kind and motherly a warming and trustworthy character. Jamie is more so portrayed as your big brother. He delivers useful cooking advice to his viewers and is funny and friendly. A great attribution to his programme is that is seen Jamie to gel with anyone and everyone. This is why people respect him and his methods. However, people may be held back by Jamie, as he may seem a little too erratic. His show doesnt seem rehearsed. Therefore thought of as not properly done. Nevertheless, this is one of the many reasons why Jamies audience are attracted to his programme. They favour the fact that he is so spontaneous. Delias programme comes across as rehearsed as everything is in its correct place. For instance the utensils she uses are laid out for her. Due to this I suggest that people feel safer following Delias methods. Her methods seem trustworthier as they are traditional, tried and tested and have worked successfully in the past. Jamie speaks in colloquial language and uses modern phrases and slang. He speaks fast and seems somewhat careless. For instance, Jamie may say an offensive joke, however it is inoffensive to him. Compared to Delia, it may be difficult for a non-Londoner to understand some of the words and phrases he uses, as he uses London slang. Theres no doubt that Jamie is confident in his profession, comparatively confident to what Delia portrays. This is most likely due to the fact that he enjoys it so much, and views cooking as fun. Jamie is fearless of cooking blunders, as cooking is about experimenting. Whereas Delia equally enjoys cooking, but as mentioned earlier, views it as a task that has to be successfully fulfilled. People believe that its not acceptable for Delia to go wrong, as she has such a high status, and can always be relied on to get her recipes and methods accurate consistently. Whilst watching both programmes, I have observed while each are in the kitchen, they both have distinctive surroundings. Delias kitchen is very neat and organised. Everything is in its right place, ready to be used. The main colour scheme in her kitchen is white. It is perhaps ironic as I associate white with pure. This coincides perfectly with my idea of which I believe Delia represents the pure essential English woman who everyone respects. I doubt this effect was purposely created. On the other hand, Jamies kitchen is overflowing with cooking utensils. His kitchen is busy and to some extent unorganised. However, it is only unorganised to the viewer, as only he knows where everything is in his kitchen. Jamies kitchen is filled with various colours. Creating a fun happy place to work in. Delia prepares her dishes on a raised table in the middle of her kitchen. This is the focus of scene. She has lots of space on it; all utensils are arranged neatly waiting to be used. Jamie has a table for preparing the food however; it looked as if he had simply creating it by making some space. When Jamie finishes with his bowls, plates and cutlery he simply chucks them in the sink. However, when Delia finishes using her bowls and dishes they are left on the table, and then sorted off camera. When Delia decides to use her hands, for instance when kneading dough, we dont see her washing her hands afterwards. This is done off camera. Whereas Jamie, turns on the tap, quickly dashes his hands under the water, wipes his hands on a tea towel and commences with his dish. I think that Delia may believe that these conventions neednt be shown on TV, as they take the focus off the aim of the programme and waste time. I feel that viewers dont need to see Delia washing her hands as they assume that she is clean and hygienic anyway. Delia is seen as the perfect housewife, which leads the viewer to believe that the washing up will be seen to once she has finished cooking. Jamie however, shows that leaving the dishes and washing his hands is a normal part of the cooking process. Perhaps because we dont have the same ultra clean and hygienic view on Jamie as we have on Delia, it is a good thing that we see Jamie washing his hands.

Free sample - Assessment by Portfolio and Standardized Testing. translation missing

Assessment by Portfolio and Standardized Testing. Assessment by Portfolio and Standardized TestingComparison and Contrast between Assessment by Portfolio and Standardized Testing Assessment is an important aspect of evaluating a student performance and ability throughout their learning period. There are several types of assessment among them assessment by portfolio and standardized testing. These two types of assessment have many differences as opposed to similarities with portfolio assessment considered to be appropriate in the current education system in parts of the globe due to its merits. On the other hand standardized testing is considered as traditional method due to its reliance on multiple choice assessments thus not giving students enough room for developing their skill set.  Ã‚   Standardized tests are used by psychologists as primary basis for assessing cognitive abilities and academic achievement. Weiner, et al, (2003) indicated that â€Å"standardized tests may be administered to a group of people or students by the examiner so as to match the students to academic curricula† (p. 275). On the other hand portfolio assessment provides a means for gathering student work over a long period of time which demonstrates the student’s proficiency in one or more academic areas. As a result Weiner, et al, (2003) established that â€Å"unlike standardized tests portfolio assessment usually emphasizes on complex works that integrate multiple dimensions of proficiency such as performance assessments, essays, and recordings of student performances† (p. 277). Standardized tests are also known as traditional assessment or norm-referenced and they have been used for a long period of time as a means of evaluating student performance. Mundell DeLario (1994) found out that â€Å"standardized tests measure growth in basic skills and their content is based on the best of curriculum practices for diverse population† (p. 1). This type of tests is known to have several inadequacies hence as a result efforts have been made to come up with a more precise assessment method. Mundell DeLario (1994) further says that portfolio assessment was developed out of the need to review performance and to logically collect sections of scholar’s work which is based on what the students are familiar with or are capable to do. Compared to portfolio assessment, standardized tests have a numerous choice format which makes tests a simple and economical way to evaluate knowledge.   Mundell DeLario (1994) indicated that â€Å"information obtained from these type of tests used for reporting to the parents on their children’s progress in learning basic skills, determining the developmental level of students for instructional purposes and providing information helpful in planning programs or groupings for instruction† (p. 1). Portfolio assessment revolves around the assortment of work that shows an individual’s knowledge in an area a criterion which was embraced by the progressives. For example a student may be good in art and consequently as an artist’s portfolio this can include various segments indicating what he or she can do. When a portfolio assessment is assumed, it is used to bring together and weigh up multiple sources of information that confirms a scholar’s capability in terms of procedure and invention (Mundell DeLario, 1994). Where else standardized tests use multiple choices, portfolio assessment reflects students work in one or additional subject areas and the models are chosen by mutually the scholar and the tutor. These are gathered analytically over time and are utilized to assess student development. One of the limitations of standardized tests is that they quantify comprehension learned instead of demonstrating what the student comprehends and can be comfortably apply and put more attention on recall. Mundell DeLario (1994) continues to say that â€Å"the how and why of what students read and write, the strategies they apply and how this learning relates to other tasks and to new ideas are not measured by standardized† (p. 1). In addition it important to note that using standardized test it is not possible to assess student’s abilities, analyze reason, reflect, and persuade from multiple choice answers (Mundell DeLario, 1994). This type of tests does not assist the teachers to plan more effective lessons. As a result, Mundell DeLario (1994) argued that â€Å"standardized tests limit the planning of lessons geared towards the achievement of students needs† (p. 2). Portfolio assessment is known to present authenticity as one of its characteristic. Using this type of assessment the teacher is able to evaluate reading throughout a range of daily reading activities in the classroom thus using this type of assessment, students are appraised on the basis of comprehending strategies they exhibit, their reactions in their reading journals and their conversation with the teacher or with other classmates (Mundell DeLario, 1994). Furthermore, Mundell DeLario (1994) argued that â€Å"portfolio assessment creates an accurate picture of achievement because it directly involves the teacher and students in establishing criteria for evaluation† (p. 3). This means that using portfolio assessment there is a undeviating relationship amid what is learned and what is evaluated, and learners know from the start of an assignment what they are expected to accomplish. Unlike in standardized test in portfolio assessment students have a number of examples in their portfolios to exhibit attainment of a particular objective more willingly than just one sample taken during one testing circumstance (Mundell DeLario, 1994). Ryan Cooper (2008) in addition indicated that â€Å"standardized tests overemphasize technical information and underemphasize educator’s professional judgments about the worthiness of a school programs† (p. 396). With the increasing calls from the progressives for more crises solving, decisive thinking and inscribing skills in the schools, standardized tests do not measure these outcomes. Studies show that qualities such as vital thinking and predicament solving abilities are difficult to measure while using multiple choices and other objective tests hence this calls for portfolio assessment (Ryan Cooper, 2008). Standardized tests can not gauge genuine student performance on some momentous tasks. Due to these limitations associated with standardized tests portfolio assessment was developed which puts into consideration recital tests that gets closer to how students relate knowledge rather than how they accumulate it in their brains. Both portfolio assessment and standardized tests present different dimensions of determining how students can fair in their schooling process. According to Ryan Cooper (2008) using portfolio assessment, it is possible to determine how well the students understand scientific concepts and can carry out scientific processes by requesting them to perform actual experiments. Ryan Cooper (2008) says that â€Å"through portfolio assessment teachers are capable of measuring what they want students to be able to do rather than relying on them to choose the correct response on a multiple choice test item in standardized tests† (p. 396). A major advantage of portfolio assessment is that it reveals student’s escalation in a certain period of time. A major contrast between portfolio assessment and standardized tests is that in portfolio assessment, students are appraised against themselves and not judge against other students (Mundell DeLario, 1994). This implies that in portfolio assessment, students become talented at evaluating their ability and set logical targets hence they can see their enhancement over a specific time epoch as skills are disclosed on tasks and goals are arrived at. Mundell DeLario (1994) continues to say that in â€Å"portfolio assessment, evaluation is part of instruction and also it considered to be ongoing and there not just the final product is important but also the process and growth over time† (p. 3). Also portfolio assessment is considered to be wide as it takes into account the students concerns, personal know-how, inspiration, and tactics. In conclusion, the progressive’s reaction to portfolio assessment was considered far much better than standardized test because of its strengths. While standardized tests do not focus on students development, this criteria does not give the students an opportunity to develop their skills in a particular area and it is does not assess their strengths and weaknesses. The advantages of portfolio assessment outweighs those of standardized tests because students work harder on tasks giving them more ownership in their work besides increasing their responsibility for learning and enhances their self concepts as learners. References Mundell, S. B DeLario, K (1994). Practical portfolios: reading, writing, math, and life skills, grades 3-6, Santa Barbara, CA: Libraries Unlimited.Ryan, K    Cooper, J. M (2008). Those Who Can, Teach, Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning.Weiner, I. B, Freedheim, D. K, Graham, J. R. Naglieri, J.A (2003). Handbook of Psychology: Assessment psychology, Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons.

Pension Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Pension - Essay Example e payments to the NIC; however, one can be credited with the NIC if they are getting some formal benefits such as unemployment, sickness and parental benefits (BLAKE, 2003, p.68). The current pension scheme is designed to have a flat-rate first-tier pension plan provided by the state. This pension scheme is referred to as Basic State Pension (BSP).Secondly we have the second tier or supplementary pension schemes which is provided by the state, private financial institutions, banks, insurance firms and employers. The BSP offers a pension scheme that is low compared to averages earnings, but the plan is fully indexed to prices upon retirement of the individual. The second tier pension plan offers relatively high pension that is partially indexed to prices up to a maximum of 5% per year after retirement. One of the disadvantages of the occupational pension schemes is that it is subject to change after change in employer. Lastly, we have the personal pension plans that offer partially indexed pensions but based on unpredictable investment returns and high administrative cost involved (BUCKLE and THOMPSON, 2004, p.126) To get the basic pension one is required to have 30 qualifying years (NIC payments) and at least eleven qualifying years to generate 25% of the max amount. The pension received is taxed by the government but the payments are gross meaning that one is taxed when they start getting their pension. It is apparent that a student who plans to start a pension for future use should know that there different types of pension one can pay and save the money. These types include state pension where an individual receives the money after retirement in regards to the number of years one has contributed or paid to National Insurance Contributions (NICs) (BUCKLE and THOMPSON, 2004, p.130). The individual should know that the eligible number of qualifying years one has to attain is eleven years, which generates twenty- five percent of the saving. For one to receive the

Public Administration; the constitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Public Administration; the constitution - Essay Example At government level, the relations between countries have become somewhat tense due to increased terrorism and consequent allegations on the terrorist groups belonging to neighboring countries. At public level, the relations have become stronger due to increased cultural and social diversity in many countries. The article 1 of the United States constitution mainly deals with the government structure, legislative powers, legislative responsibilities of the members of the Senate and the House of Representatives, and constitutional and taxation activities of the states. This article provides a solid foundation on which the structure of the government is formed and legal responsibilities and restrictions are communicated to the officials. The article 2 of the constitution mainly talks about the executive and legislative powers of The President of the United States. The section 4 is a little different as it talks about the factors that can lead to the termination of services of all government officials including The

Exercise Treatments for PD Symptoms

Exercise Treatments for PD Symptoms The Exercise Rx Besides drugs and surgery, researchers are looking into using exercise as an intervention therapy to tame the symptoms of PD. In 2003, Dr. Jay L. Alberts, a PD researcher and accomplished cyclist, entered the seven-day RAGBRAI bicycle ride across Iowa. He rode on a tandem bike for two days with Cathy Frazier, a 40-year-old woman with PD. He discovered that Cathys handwriting was beautiful. Prior to the ride, her handwriting displayed classical micrographia, a cardinal sign of PD. Each year for the next four years, when he did the RAGBRAI tandem bike ride with parkinsonian stokers, he noticed similar phenomena. His stokers parkinsonian symptoms disappeared. As he went through scientific literatures, Alberts discovered that there was a lot of research on animals that reported similar results. Typically, in these studies, one group of animals is put on a motorized treadmill that forces the creature to run faster than it wants. A sedentary group serves as a control. Then, after a few weeks, both groups are given a neurotoxin such asÂÂ   MPTP. The sedentary group suffers immediate damage to the substantia nigra and develops parkinsonism; the exercise group partially resists the toxin. But research on humans had not found comparable benefits. Alberts thought it was because the human experiments test voluntary exercise while the rates are doing forced exercise. The rats are forced to run at a faster rate. The same thing is going on with the tandem bikes where the stokers are pedaling faster than they were pedaling on their own. To test the theory, Alberts carried out a pilot trial that took ten PD patients and randomly assigned them to one of two groups: a treatment group receiving forced exercise and a control group voluntarily exercising. The forced-exercise group was given three 60-minute workouts for eight weeks in which a trainer pedaled at 80 to 90 revolutions per minute. The control group did three 60-minute session each week on a bike by themselves. Each group was evaluated before and after the experiment using the Unified Parkinsons Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). After eight weeks, the forced-exercise groups symptoms had improved reducing their average UPDRS part 3 score by about one-third. Thats almost as large an effect as the one brought about by levodopa. The control group saw no benefit. Two weeks later, these gains were still there in the tandem group. But four weeks after treatment, the forced-exercise group was back where theyd started. So force-exercise is like levodopa, the benefit will stop if you stop taking it. Albertss concept of forced exercise is just one of many options out there. Other options such as tai chi, kickboxing, and progressive strength training exercise is as effective. It is more important to select an activity that will address your specific needs and be sustainable. *** But most neurologists are still skeptical about physical therapies. The one exception is the Dutch neurologist Bastiaan Bloem. Bloem believed physical therapy would be a better treatment of gait and balance than just the levodopa therapy. In 2004, Bloem and Marten Munneke, a physical therapist, started the ParkinsonNet in the Netherlands. Today, the program has 66 regional networks, 2,970 trained professionals and over fifty thousand patients. *** Over the past decade, several companies have been developing technology capable of tracking the PD symptoms outside the clinic. These companies are working on various combinations of advanced wearable sensors to track multiple domains round the clock tremor, bradykinesia, gait, balance, walking, cognition, and more. One technology, Kinesia HomeView, designed by Great Lakes Neuroechnologies, comprises a small computer and a finger sensor. Sitting in front of a screen, you perform a set of exercises, that takes about five minutes. Then you will get a report of thirteen metrics, listing the severity of three forms of tremor, dyskinesia, the speed, amplitude, and rhythm displayed during the finger-tapping, hand-movement, and hand-flipping exercises. The main advantage is that you can use it 24/7. It can reveal any changes in motor performance over time, providing a much more detailed picture of your disease than that obtained in an evaluation every six months. The other system is a set of sensors developed by Portland-based APDM. You wear three small devices, one on your wrist and one on each of your ankles. The wrist sensor detects tremor and dyskinesia. The ankle sensors measure multiple aspects of walking. Your daily activities generate masses of data. When the data are averaged over time, they reveal emerging asymmetries in your gait. Key Takeaways Dr. Jay Alberts discovered force-exercise can relieve PD symptoms. Force-exercise is like levodopa, the benefit will stop if you stop taking it. Bastiaan Bloem believed physical therapy would be a better treatment of gait and balance than just the levodopa therapy. Several companies have been developing technology capable of tracking the PD symptoms outside the clinic.

Analysis of Down the River by Edward Abbey Essay

In this colorful and passionate essay, â€Å"Down the River†, Edward Abbey depicts nature as a mysterious and majestic place in order to encourage his open-minded readers to embrace all that it has to offer. He also expresses how both nature and our everyday lives are very similar in that they are mysterious and only understandable in small fractions. His tone of admiration leads the reader to recognize that we as humans tend to not see the reflection of mankind in nature; therefore we stunt our ability to fully appreciate and experience its mystery and beauty. His use of parallel structure and imagery provide the reader with a multitude of reasons to appreciate and adore nature. Abbey uses romanticism to show how very important all the little aspects of nature are. He notices small details that ordinary people wouldn’t recognize or appreciate, such as â€Å"the little heart-shaped tracks of the former apparent in the sand†. This suggests that he has a close and intimate connection with nature. For example, when he has his first encounter with a mountain lion, he describes it as a â€Å"mutual curiosity†, that they felt more wonder than fear and in that moment he shares a bond with nature and shows us that we as humans can relate to nature in more than one way. He then rejects the quote by Fuller by saying that the world is â€Å"comprehensible only in part†, as he is observing only Aravaipa Canyon, and it is â€Å"infinitely rich in detail.† The beauty and mystery of nature and of life is what makes it interesting and since they are both so intact with each other, it makes it easier to become connected to nature and be feel the romanticism that he described in the beginning of the essay. In his essay, he shows the reflections of mankind in nature and praises the beauties and wonders of nature and expresses that our world is too magnificent to comprehend. He is mesmerized by all of nature’s unknowns and how we can be so closely related to something and at the same time not understand anything about it.

Indian girl Essay

He was a good husband. No one could deny it. He let her have her own way, indulged her, even. When the kitchen was remodelled, for example, and she wanted pink and grey tiles even though he preferred white. White. A clean colour. A colour he believed to be innocent, just like his wife.  He was traditional as an Indian man could get. He had expectations from his wife. Demands that had to be fulfilled.  She would dress as he would tell her too, sleep with him when he wanted her to.  Not only that, she would provide him with a son and a daughter. The duty of every Indian wife was to give their husband a child, regardless of whether they wanted to or not. He would be the provider in this relationship. She would cook and clean at home while he worked.  It was tradition after all and he was very traditional.  However, when he did put his foot down he would often soften his no’s with kind remarks. There had been two occasions that he strongly remembered in which he had to be firm. Like when she wanted to get a job and go back to school or buy English clothes.  Nobody in his family had ever worn English clothes, except for the men that is.  His mother, his mother’s mother and sisters had always dressed in Indian clothes†¦no matter what the occasion. He preferred Indian clothes on his wife too. After all they hid her body. The loose blouses didn’t reveal her breasts like some English tops or show an unnecessary amount of cleavage. The endless mounds of fabric concealed his wife’s legs and waistline.  He believed his wife’s body was just for him to look at. Why tempt other men to look at his wife’s curvaceous hips or low cut neckline?  The soft remarks that often accommodated his no’s were mostly, â€Å"What for? I’m here to take care of you† or â€Å"You look so much prettier in your Indian clothes, so much more feminine.† He would pull her to his lap and give her a kiss and cuddle, which usually ended with him taking her to the bedroom. That was another area where he had to be firm. Sex. His wife was constantly pleading with him, â€Å"Please, not tonight.† He didn’t mind that. She was, after all, a well-bred Indian girl.  She had good Indian values that he felt all Indian women should have. Her dreams in life were those of his mother’s. She wanted to marry, have children and live a contented life in a glorious home. She was conservative and an introvert. Not a woman who would cause him embarrassment in front of friends and family. Timid†¦someone who needed support and he believed that he was indeed the support she needed. But her reluctance went beyond womanly modesty.  After dinner for instance, she would start on the most convoluted household projects, soaping down the floors, changing the liners in the cabinets. The night before she had disappeared she’d started cleaning the windows, taking out the Window cleaner and rags as soon as she’d put the boy to bed, even though he had mumbled, â€Å"Let’s go.†Ã‚  Surely he couldn’t be blamed for raising his voice at those times (though never so much to wake his son) or for grabbing her by the elbow and pulling her to the bed, like he did the night before she disappeared. He was always careful not to hurt her, he prided himself on that. Not even a little slap. And he always told himself he’d stop if she really begged him, if she cried, After some time, though, she would quit struggling and let him do what he wanted. But that was nothing new. That could have nothing to do with the disappearance†¦after all that was his right.  His grandfather had done the same with his wife, his father had treated his mother the same way too and she had turned out fine hadn’t she?  So, why should he have treated his wife differently? She too was an Indian woman and for generations Indian women had been afflicted upon. So what made her so special? Why couldn’t he behave the same way with his wife as his male ancestors had with theirs? Two weeks passed and there was no news of Zeneve, even though the husband had put a notice in the local newspaper as well as a half-page ad in India West, which he’d photocopied and taped to all the neighbourhood lampposts. The ad had a photo of her, a close up taken in too bright sunlight where she gazed gravely at something beyond the camera.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"How on earth will you come up with that kind of money?† asked his friend’s. The husband confessed it would be difficult, but he’d manage somehow. His wife was more important to him, after all, than all the money in the world. And to prove it he went to the bank the very same day and brought home a sheaf of forms to fill in so that he could take out a second mortgage on the house. He kept calling the police station, too, but the police weren’t much help. (They were working on it apparently.) They’d checked the local hospitals and morgues, the shelters†¦but there were no leads. It didn’t look very hopeful.  So finally he called India over a faulty long-distance connection that made his voice echo eerily in his ear. He told his mother what had happened.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"My poor boy!† she wailed. â€Å"Left all alone† (the word flickered unpleasantly across his brain, left, left.)  Ã¢â‚¬Å"How can you possibly cope with the household and a child as well?† she added. And when he admitted that yes, it was very difficult, could she perhaps come and help out for a while if wasn’t too much trouble, she replied â€Å"Of course! I’ll come right away and stay as long as you need me too and what was all this English nonsense about too much trouble? You’re my only son aren’t you?† She even said tha t she would contact the wife’s family too so he wouldn’t have to deal with that awkwardness. He was relieved at his mother’s kind gesture. How could he possibly face his in-laws at a time like this? How would he tell them that there one and only daughter may never come back?  Within a week his mother had closed up the little flat she had lived in since her husband’s death, got hold of a special family emergency visa and was on her way. Almost as though she’d been waiting for something like this to happen, said some of the women spitefully. These were his wife’s friends, though in his opinion, acquitances would be a more accurate word. His wife had liked to keep to herself, which had been just fine with him. He was glad, he’d told her several times, that she didn’t spend hours chattering on the phone like the other Indian wives.  He was livid when this gossip reached him (perhaps because he had the same insidious thought for a moment, when at the airport, he noticed just how happy his mother looked.) â€Å"Really† he asserted to his friends, â€Å"some people see only what they want to see. Don’t you think it is a good thing she has come over?†