From Zero to Hero - 1425 Words

From Zero to Hero Throughout history, many people have risen and fallen in power due to their weaknesses and strengths. Napoleon Bonaparte, the great war leader and eventual Emperor of the French, was brought down due to the brute attacks on France by the United Kingdom, Spain, Portugal, Russia, and even by his own arrogance and carelessness. On the contrary, George Washington, a wealthy farmer from Virginia, was able to lead the thirteen colonies into defeating the most powerful army in the world with his bravery. Sometimes, however, even the greatest of people are forgotten and left out from the history textbooks, their memories gone with their destroyed writings and lost philosophies. John Jay, the first Chief Justice of the†¦show more content†¦John Jay, however, had magnificent rhetoric, for â€Å"his legal training and experience gave him a facility for words,† making it easy for him to â€Å"grasp and resolve complex issues† (Stahr 387). His very skillfu l way with words made it easier for him to resolve the intro-national military issue. Along with being a very skilled foreign minister to Great Britain, John Jay also took the matter of convincing New York to approve the Constitution of the United states into his own hands. At first, New York was against approving it, but â€Å"John Jay spent long hours convincing the New York legislature to adopt the document,† managing to successfully getting the state’s congress to ratify the Constitution (Kallen 42). If it weren’t for both his cleverness, he could not have been able to win over New York’s assent. â€Å"He had the education and genius† to both get the United States out of its situation with Great Britain, and talk a powerful and large state into giving its blessings to the Constitution, displaying a true gift for negotiating with eloquence at every step of his career. Without such an active and vigorous talent, nobody could have done what John J ay did for the early Republic. Jay used all of his energy, heart, and capability to contribute his best efforts to the welfare of the United States, also guided the entire way by his good soul. John Jay helped shape theShow MoreRelatedFrom Hero to Zero1979 Words   |  8 PagesHero to Zero A tragic hero is of noble birth and is a great or virtuous character in a dramatic tragedy that is destine for suffering or defeat. Victor Frankenstein, a rich and highly educated man who questioned the role of God and created The Creature, soon abandons his creation and ends up getting a taste of his own medicine when all his loved ones are gone and he is left all alone. Victor learned his lesson after creating The Creature because then he is punished eternally for his actions ofRead MoreCritical Thinking Of The Grand Budapest Hotel1102 Words   |  5 PagesBudapest Hotel consists of a prologue, five parts, and an epilogue. 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However, he is not wild or strong, he is chubby and insecure. Stanley also never seems to have luckRead MoreBeginning to the Great Alaskan Race826 Words   |  3 Pagesantiserum. So twenty dogs sled teams relayed the serum from the town of Nenana to Nome. The hardships of the dogs and mushers went through along with the hero dogs, and teams of mushers and dogs will forever be alive in Alaskan history.This journey is a gratifying accomplishment and a proud moment in Alaskan history. There were twenty teams of dogs varying from seven dogs to twenty-three dogs with a total of over a hundred dogs running from town to town carrying a life saving serum to the peopleRead MoreMarketing Audit: Coke Zero1125 Words   |  4 PagesMarketing audit: Coke Zero Positioning strategy The American soda manufacturer Coca-Cola has been under widespread criticism for contributing to the worlds obesity epidemic. However, the company also offers many diet beverages to whet consumers appetites. The health benefits of diet beverages are somewhat controversial in the scientific community, regarding weight gain, and some research indicates that consumers who drink more diet beverages actually weigh more (Diet sweeteners increase weightRead More Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman is A Modern Tragedy Essay1044 Words   |  5 Pagesto be defined by his basic observations. It was not until the modern age that playwrights began to deviate somewhat from the basic tenets of Aristotelian tragedy and, in doing so, began to create plays more recognizable to the common people and, thereby, less traditional. Even so, upon examination, the basic plot structure of some modern tragedies actually differs very little from that of the ancient classics. In spite of its modernity, Arthur Mi llers great twentieth-century tragedy, Death of aRead MoreThe Tragic Hero Of Sophocles Antigone1521 Words   |  7 PagesAn Aristotelian tragic hero is a literary character who makes a judgment that ultimately leads to his or her own destruction. An example of a true Aristotelian tragic hero is Creon from Sophocles’ play, Antigone. Creon is the tragic hero because he goes through the five stages of a tragic hero which leads to his destruction. His tragic flaw is him being afraid to admit that he has made a mistake. He is too proud of his power and his ability to make laws which leads to his son and wife committingRead MoreThe Movie The Nightmare Before Christmas 1701 Words   |  7 Pagestrail back farther than five thousand Before Common Era. The question that goes through all minds at some point, however, is what makes a hero? Joseph Campbell wrote his theory of The Hero’s Journey in which he describes the path the hero will tread and the trials and tribulations ahead of them. That is not to say that there are not multiple ways to go about a hero tale, there are various kinds of heroes, which all change the story. There are tragic heroes, classic heroes, epic heroes, and more. InRead MoreThe True Success Behind Ms. Marvel923 Words   |  4 Pagesparents, has that one friend who has a secret crush but is never noticed, a small group of friends, and the desire to be able to fit in with the â€Å"popular† kids at school. This story isn’t just about how any other every day person became to become zero to hero. The true success behind Ms. Marvel is because it s something different Marvel Comics brings to the readers they don t usually see comparing to previous superheros. They didn’t only bring an urban legend back .. Even before Kamala came alongRead MoreSir Gawain And The Green Knight1035 Words   |  5 PagesHero to Zero Has Been Sir Gawain and the Green Knight is a wonderful example of how context can change the way a story is accepted and interpreted. In the time of this poem, there was power in the idea that Gawain blundered and was not perfect. And this imperfection showed his subservient nature to God and his court, further instilling his heroic characteristics. However, in today s society, perfection is idealized; therefore, Gawain’s mistakes allude to him being less of a hero and in a greater

Latin America and the Catholic Church Essay - 746 Words

Running head: LATIN AMERICA AND THE CATHOLIC CHURCH xxxx HUMN xxx xxxx February 11, 2011 In 1983, Pope John Paul II visited Nicaragua in response to word that a growing alliance between priests and Marxists revolutionaries was emerging in Latin America. Historically, the Catholic Church in Europe had taken a strong anti-communist stance. And so the emerging alliance troubled Pope John Paul II despite the fact that priests claimed they were simply doing what Christ would do in championing the interests of the poor. When news began spreading throughout Nicaragua that Pope John Paul II would be visiting, the reform minded Catholics of the country became hopeful that the pope would somehow lend his support to the revolutionary†¦show more content†¦6). But liberation theology, according to conservative critics, is a type of socialist Christianity. Its philosophical underpinnings suggest that change comes through political activism and even war and revolution if peaceful means have failed. In addition, liberation theologians view sin as the root of poverty and capitalism as the most ruinous form of sin on earth. Thus, Liberation Theologists argue that capitalism should be confronted as pure evil and replaced by a more just and equitable socialist system. The Pope unequivocally denounced these ideas as ideologically misguided. Many Nicaraguan Catholics were disappointed with the Pope’s position on political action because they felt like he missed a chance to bolster the revolution an d support much needed change for the people. They had lived under years of tyranny and oppression at the hands of the conservative regime. And thousands of innocent Nicaraguan citizens had suffered gross social injustices and even death at the hands of their oppressors. If the Pope had supported their revolutionary cause, the people would have enjoyed the backing of the Catholic Church. And if that had occurred, it would have provided the people with a sense of spiritual support in their fight for freedom and equality. But the Pope’s denouncement of Liberation Theology and theShow MoreRelatedLatin American Religions Essay examples624 Words   |  3 PagesLatin American Religions University of Phoenix November 12, 2012 What are some major attributes of Latin American Catholicism? Identify and describe at least two distinctions and include how they are distinct from Catholicism elsewhere. The Central American War had changed the priorities of the Catholic Church in Latin America. In the 1980’s, the clergy’s had decided to go against the Catholic Church mainly the Vatican despite the various threats, and began to help the poor which were strugglingRead MoreLiberation Theology Essay865 Words   |  4 PagesLiberation theology in Latin America was first introduced in the late 1960’s, although it became famous after the writing of Gustavo Gutierrez. 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Be sure to include two additional sources to support your claim. Honors please have four sources. WH 10 Ch. 17 Essay In the sixteenth century, both Spain and Portugal established enormous colonial empires around the world. Spain ruled most of South America and parts of Central America and North America. Portugal primarily ruled the country of Brazil. These lands of Central and South America became known as Latin America. The SpaniardsRead MoreWhy Latin American Catholics Are Increasingly Practicing Fringe Catholicism Essay1136 Words   |  5 Pagesof why Latin American Catholics are increasingly practicing Fringe Catholicism. Catholicism has been an essential part of Latin American identity since it was first imposed on the indigenous people by Spanish colonial powers. The mixture of Catholicism with indigenous religions has led to a different development of Catholicism in Latin America than in other parts of the world. For this reason many people cite, indigenous religions as a reason why there are many practices in Latin America that doRead MoreLatin American Culture Essay examples1050 Words   |  5 PagesLatin American Culture Latin America represents 1/10 of the worlds population, and geographically can be located from the land extensions of Mexico, until the Patagonia at Argentina. Some of the most relevant elements of todays culture in Latin America are; Religion, Values, Attitudes, Social structure, Social stratification, Language and Gift-giving hospitality. The predominant religion throughout history in Latin America has been Catholicism. From big cities to small villages, churches, basilicasRead MoreRegistered Transmission Of The Virus902 Words   |  4 PagesZika Virus May Lead to Decline in Roman Catholics The Zika virus has been spreading rapidly throughout Latin America in the past year, causing many health and religious controversies in these countries. The World Health Organization declared an international public health emergency and stated that at least 20 countries or territories have â€Å"registered transmission of the virus† (Partlow). Some of these governments, including Colombia and Jamaica, are urging women to avoid becoming pregnant for a

Henrik Ibsen was born at Skien in Norway on March Essay Example For Students

Henrik Ibsen was born at Skien in Norway on March Essay 20, 1828. When he was eight, his father went bankrupt. This event made a deep impression upon him. After they went bankrupt, his family moved to a small farm north of the town where they lived in poverty. Henrik was forced to attend a small local school. He received a substandard education. In 1843, the family returned to town. Unfortunately they were still poor. Ibsen came from a very dysfunctional family. His domineering father was an alcoholic who found solace in alcohol. His quiet mother found comfort in religion. He used them as a model for his plays. The blend of an overbearing husband and a submissive wife made appearances in his plays Brand, A Dolls House, and Ghosts. The bitter character of Hjalmar Ekdal in The Wild Duck was based on Ibsens father. When he was sixteen, he moved to Grimstad to work for a druggist. He had wanted to become a doctor, but game up on the idea after he failed Greek and Math on his University entrance exams. Medicine was not his only ambition. He al so wanted to be a painter. In 1850, Ibsen entered the first of his three writing periods. His romantic period went from 1850 to 1873. The greatest works from this period are the Brandand Peer Gynt Most of the plays that he wrote during these years are romantic historical dramas. Lady Inger of Ostraat was a romantic drama with intrigue. The Vikings of Helgeland was a simple and sad tragedy. The last play of the Romantic period was Emperor and Galilean. It is similar to Ibsens other play Catiline because it showed his impatience with traditional attitudes and values. In both plays he showed sympathy for historical characters who were famous for being rebellious. Ibsen became the stage manager and playwright of the National Stage in Bergen in 1851. He worked there for six years. In 1857, he moved to Christiania (Oslo), where he became director of the Norwegian Theatre. He neglected both writing and the theatre. He plunged into social life with his literary friends and drank heavily. In 1858, Ibsen married Suzannah Thoresen, with whom he had one child, Sigurd Ibsen. This was a marriage that was often as misunderstood as the marriages of Ibsens dramas. At the age of thirty, Ibsen saw his first performances of Shakespeare in Copenhagen and Dresden. Shakespeares work convinced Ibsen that serious drama must strive toward a psychological truth and form its basis on the characters and conflicts of mankind. Ibsen and his friend Bjrnstjerne Bjrnson founded The Norwegian Company in 1859. After the Norwegian Theatre went bankrupt in 1862, Ibsen was depressed and broke. As a result, he was sometimes seen drunk on the streets of Christiania. His success w ith The Pretenders in 1863 inspired him to write several poems. Ibsen became bitterly disappointed with current political events, especially Norways failure to help the Danes in their war against Prussia. In 1864 he left Norway. After he left, he spent most of his time in Rome, Dresden and Munich. He was supported by a pension from the Norwegian state and income from his books. In 1866, he had a significant breakthrough with his play Brand. In his speech to Christiania students in 1874, Ibsen said,All I have written, I have mentally lived through. Partly I have written on that which only by glimpses, and at my best moments, I have felt stirring vividly within me as something great and beautiful. I have written on that which, so to speak, has stood higher than my daily self. But I have also written on the opposite, on that which to introspective contemplation appears as the dregs and sediments of ones own nature. Yes, gentlemen, nobody can poetically present that to which he has not to a certain degree and at least at times the model within himself.In 1877, Ibsen entered his second period of writing with his play Pillars of Society. Ibsen wrote a series of plays dealing with social problems, such as A Dolls House and Ghosts. He also wrote a series of plays dealing with psychological problems, such as The Lady from the Seas and Hedda Gabler. He wrote eight plays during of this period and both originated and perfected the problem play. The term problem play refers specifically to the type of drama which Ibsen wrote beginning with Pillars of Society in 1877. In these plays, the emphasis is on the presentation of a social or psychological problem. These plays deal with contemporary life in realistic settings. The symbolism that existed in Brand and Peer Gynt is almost gone. Ibsen presents his themes or problems to the audience with realistic characters and straightforward plots. In his plays, Ibsen deals with the theme of individuals trying to find themselves in th e face of established conventions. Two examples of this are Nora in A Dolls House and Hedda Gabler. Ibsen also used a retrospective approach in A Dolls House and. The major events occur before the curtain goes up. The plays concern the way the characters dealt with these past events. The themes in A Dolls House made Ibsen the enemy of conservatives everywhere. The idea of a play that questioned a womans place in society and suggesting that a womans self was more important than her role as wife and mother, was unprecedented. The play caused outrage in many government and church officials. Some people felt that Ibsen was responsible for the rising divorce rate. Some theaters in Germany refused to perform the play the way Ibsen had written it. He was forced to write an alternate happy ending in which Nora sees the error of her ways and doesnt leave. The play became popular in Europe despite its harsh criticism. It was translated into many languages and performed worldwide. The controve rsy surrounding his play made Ibsen famous. Hedda Gabler was another experiment for Ibsen. Instead of presenting a social problem, he presented a psychological portrait of a fascinating and self-destructive woman. .ubdf07f392fb485d94332a0fcf7d33041 , .ubdf07f392fb485d94332a0fcf7d33041 .postImageUrl , .ubdf07f392fb485d94332a0fcf7d33041 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubdf07f392fb485d94332a0fcf7d33041 , .ubdf07f392fb485d94332a0fcf7d33041:hover , .ubdf07f392fb485d94332a0fcf7d33041:visited , .ubdf07f392fb485d94332a0fcf7d33041:active { border:0!important; } .ubdf07f392fb485d94332a0fcf7d33041 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubdf07f392fb485d94332a0fcf7d33041 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubdf07f392fb485d94332a0fcf7d33041:active , .ubdf07f392fb485d94332a0fcf7d33041:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubdf07f392fb485d94332a0fcf7d33041 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubdf07f392fb485d94332a0fcf7d33041 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubdf07f392fb485d94332a0fcf7d33041 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubdf07f392fb485d94332a0fcf7d33041 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubdf07f392fb485d94332a0fcf7d33041:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubdf07f392fb485d94332a0fcf7d33041 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubdf07f392fb485d94332a0fcf7d33041 .ubdf07f392fb485d94332a0fcf7d33041-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubdf07f392fb485d94332a0fcf7d33041:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gender Roles Essay ThesisAfter a twenty-seven-year self-imposed exile, Ibsen returned to Norway in 1891. In October 1893, Ibsens wife Suzannah, returned to Italy due to a recurring problem with gout. While she was gone, Ibsen found a young lady companion. She was a pianist named Hildur Andersen. Hildur became a constant companion on visits to theatres, lectures, and galleries. He later gave her a diamond ring as a symbol of their union. He wrote to her after his wife returned home from Italy. Ibsen and his wife had marital problems after she returned. He discussed his marriage with an old friend Elise Auber. According to Halvdan Koht,Ibsen was clearly disturbed about his o wn marriage and spoke to Mrs. Auber about it. He had many conflicts with his wife at this time, and on occasion his anger was so extreme that he threatened to leave her. These outbursts were only momentary, and he knew that they would never separate.Ibsens third period of work started after he returned to Norway. It was referred to as the Symbolist Period. The plays in this period contain elements of defeat. The Master Builder deals with an aging architect who succumbs to defeat. John Gabriel Borkman is about a man who sacrifices his love to become rich. Ironically, the title of Ibsens last play was When We Dead Awaken. In 1900, Ibsen suffered a stroke. He never completely recovered from his stroke and was an invalid for the rest of his life. Despite his medical setback, he was a fighter until the end. When he was coming out of a coma in 1906, the nurse commented that he appeared slightly better. Ibsen replied On the contrary! Sadly, he died a few days later.BibliographyIbsen, Henrik. Six Plays by Henrik Ibsen. New York: The ModernLibrary Press, 1957. Jacobs, Lee. The Bedford Introduction to Drama Third Edition. Boston: Bedford Books, 1997Meyer, Michael Henrik Ibsen: A Biography. 3 volumes. Garden City: Doubleday, 1971. Thomas, David. Henrik Ibsen. New York: Grove, 1984

Physics AT1-Resistance of a wire Essay Example

Physics AT1-Resistance of a wire Essay The electric current in a solid is a movement of tiny negative charged electrons. As these electrons move they collide with the particles of the solid which makes the electrons movement difficult. Resistance is a measure of how difficult it is for the electrons to move. A high resistance means that the electrons will make lots of collisions and lose lots of energy. The circuit itself can resist the flow of particles if the wires are either very thin or very long. e.g.The filament across an electric bulb is quite thin as needs to resist the flow of particles for the bulb to glow. Resistance is measured in ohms. The higher the resistance, the lower the current. If there is high resistance, to get the same current a higher voltage will be needed to provide an extra push for the electricity. Some metals have less resistance than others. Wires are always made out of copper because copper has a low resistance and therefore it is a good conductor. The length and width of a wire also has an effect.Ohms Law: The current is proportional to the voltage, provided the temperature remains constant.FactorsThe resistance of a wire depends on certain factors. Some of these variables are listed below:à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Length of wireà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Diameter or thickness of wireà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Temperature at which wire is keptà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The material of which the wire is made out ofà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ The potential difference or voltageà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Humidityà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Cross sectional areaà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ Voltage across circuitI will be investigating the diameter of a wire and how it effects the resistance. All the other factors will have to be kept constant whilst doing the experiment to ensure that the investigation is a fair test. I have decided to investigate how the diameter of a wire affects its resistance because other factors such as temperature are harder to control and get a good set of results. The way in which the diameter of a wire affects the resistance is an efficient experiment to do b ecause:* A graph can be plotted easily* There is a large range of results* The results can be recorded easilyIn order for the investigation to be a fair test, all other factors should be kept constant. The investigation has to be done in a fair way otherwise the results will be inaccurate and the conclusion will be incorrect. The variables that must be kept constant are:1) Temperature When the temperature of a wire increases the resistance of that wire increases. This is because when the temperature increases the atoms inside the wire vibrate more vigorously because of the increase in energy. This means that the electrons have more difficulty getting through the wire as they collide with the other in their pathway. This increases the amount of collisions therefore there is more resistance. To make sure the temperature does not effect my result too much it is essential I use a low voltage because it means a low current, which wont heat up the wires. If a high voltage is used the ener gy would be in form of heat which would make the experiment unfair. The investigation will be done at room temperature. The temperature cannot be investigated because it is hard to control the range of temperature needed without the correct apparatus.2) Length of wire The longer a wire, the larger the resistance. This is because there are more atoms in the wire so there is more chance that the electrons would collide with one of the atoms therefore there is more resistance. In a long wire electrons have a longer distance to travel so there are more collisions so this will change the resistance up and in a short wire electrons have a short distance to travel so they collide less and therefore there is a lower resistance. This is because when you have a long wire, the electrons have to squeeze together for longer to be able to pass through the wire than they do in order to be able to pass through a short wire. It is important to keep the length of the wire the same each time otherwise it could not be certain which variable is changing the resistance. If I had a 30 cm wire and a 60 cm wire, the 60 cm wire would have a resistance twice that of the 30 cm wire.3) Type of material Different materials have different resistances because the materials atomic structures are different so some wires have low resistances and some have high resistances. Therefore it is important to keep the material the same throughout the experiment. If different materials are used throughout the investigation, it will affect the results. For example if sometimes copper is used and sometimes nichrome is used, the results where copper is used will be of a low resistance because of the material and not because of the diameter of the wire. Throughout the experiment nichrome wires will be used. The type of material will affect the amount of free electrons that are able to flow through the wire. If the particles in the material are tightly packed together, the electrons will have more collisions and therefore more resistance.All these factors must be kept constant to make the investigation fair. All the other factors must also be kept constant as well. The same apparatus must be used throughout the investigation. It is also important to take two repeats and find the mean so if one result is very inaccurate, the other will average it out.QuestionWhat effect does the diameter of a wire have on the resistance through it?PredictionMy hypothesis is that the thinner the wire, the higher the resistance. The thicker the wire, the lower the resistance. This is because the thinner the wire is, the less paths there are for electrons in the wire therefore the harder it is for current to flow. This results in the energy not being able to spread out as much, so the resistance will be higher. This theory is similar to that of a door, where people represent the electrons and the door represents the diameter of the wire. If the door is wider, more people can get through, more easily. If th e door is small, people have more difficulty and not as many people can walk in or out of the door. It is the same principal for electrons. If the diameter of a wire is thicker more electrons can go through the wire, therefore less resistance. The atoms from the metals cannot stop or collide with as many electrons because the diameter of the wire is larger.This diagram shows the negatively charged electrons travelling through a wire colliding with the wire particles. The more these electrons collide the more resistance there is. In a thick wire there is more space in between the wire particles and the electrons will collide less. In a thin wire there is less space between the particles and so the electrons will collide more. This is why I believe that the thinner the wire, the higher the resistance and the thicker the wire, the lower the resistance.PlanTo prove the prediction above I plan to do as follows. I am going to test the resistance through different diameters of wires. To do this I will need a voltmeter, ammeter, power pack and some different wire diameters. I plan to test five wires all with different diameters. I plan to set up my circuit as shown below:Where the wire is position I will have a pair of crocodile clips to hold it in place. I plan to use 70cm of each nichrome wire and I plan to coil each wire. To help keep my results accurate I plan to only use a low current when testing; this will keep the temperature of the wire down. For each wire I plan to take one reading from the voltmeter at a constant current of 0.5 A. I then plan to repeat the reading of each wire three times and take the average result . I shall then be able to calculate the resistance of the wire using the equation resistance = volts/amps and represent this data in the form of a graph.Fair TestI have already mentioned which factor I am investigating and which factors I will keep constant (see pages 1 and 2). I will do the following things to make the experiment a fair test:* Use the same material for each wire* Use the same length of each wire* Take readings using a low current (keeps temp. down)* Use same equipment for each testSafety PrecautionsI will take the following precautions and make sure others are safe as well:* I will wear safety glasses* I will make sure there are no bag or obstacles on the floor causing a hazard* I will be careful with the electricity present* I will not run around* I will not touch live wiresMethodApparatus* Voltmeter* Ammeter* 2 Crocodile clips* 5 nichrome wires (0.28mm, 0.31mm, 0.40mm, 0.45mm, 0.50mm)* Power Supply Pack* Circuit wiresI first set up the apparatus as shown below:Then for each diameter of wire I followed the following steps:1. I measured 70cm of the wire and coiled it around a pen2. I placed the coiled wire in the circuit attaching it with the crocodile clips3. I took a reading of the voltage through the wire at one certain point, which was 0.14. I presented the readings for the wire in a table of voltage against current (V against A) and calculated the resistance which is voltage divided by the current (constant at 0.5 A)5. I repeated the readings (using the same equipment) for the same diameter of wire three times to make sure they were accurate6. From the results I took an average for resistance7. I then repeated the process for the other four wiresResultsFrom the following results I will produce graphs to show what was found out more clearly.Set 1Wire Diameter (mm)Current (A)Voltage (V)Resistance (Ohms)0.280.55.711.40.310.54.28.40.400.53.16.20.450.52.040.500.51.42.8Set 2Wire Diameter (mm)Current (A)Voltage (V)Resistance (Ohms)0.280.55.811.60.310.54.38.60.400.53.46.80.450.52.550.500.51.32.6Set 3Wire Diameter (mm)Current (A)Voltage (V)Resistance (Ohms)0.280.55.611.20.310.54.28.40.400.53.36.60.450.52.34.60.500.51.32.6Average SetWire Diameter (mm)Average Resistance (Ohms)0.2811.40.318.40.406.50.454.50.502.6ConclusionThe results shown on my tables and my graph clearly show that the th inner a wire the greater the resistance of that wire .From my tables you can see that I got three sets of results. My repeated results all (to a reasonable degree of accuracy) agree with my first set.From my graph we can clearly see the average results and also see that there is one anomaly, which does not fit in with my line of best fit. Looking at the table I can see that it is not just one reading that made the average an anomaly. There could be several reasons for the anomalous result. Firstly maybe the wire I used had been damaged from previous experiments or perhaps it was not exactly the diameter 0.31mm. Secondly maybe I didnt read off the voltmeter accurately. Thirdly, I used crocodile clips to fix the wire and perhaps I didnt fix the wire sufficiently well in the clip.I observed that the thinner a wire the higher the resistance. This is because of collisions inside a wire. Imagine a metal wire it contains lots of particles which make up the wire. The electrons have to trav el through this wire. As the electrons travel through the wire they will collide with the particles of the wire. The more collisions the electrons have, the higher the resistance. However, in a thick wire the particles are more spread out and the electrons have more room to travel through. There are fewer collisions and hence the resistance is less.Even though there is a result which doesnt fit the pattern, the majority of results still follow my prediction.Improvements and EvaluationAlthough I took precautions to ensure this was a fair test, there were some areas where accuracy could have been improved. The anomalous result suggests that I would need to repeat at least that part of the experiment for that width of wire. It could be that I didnt accurately measure out 70 cm of wire or I didnt read the voltmeter correctly. However, I think this last explanation is unlikely because I read the voltmeter three times and each time the reading was almost the same (4.2,4.3,4.2). This sugge sts to me that the reason for this discrepancy is more likely to be an inaccurate measurement of either the width or length. There is also the question of whether the current was measured accurately.Repeating my results more than 3 times would further improve my results and maybe correct the anomaly. To improve my experiment I should have taken more time making sure wires are correct lengths and thickness.Further work that could be done is to look at each wire in more detail. Trying more currents and investigating more factors for example or maybe trying more diameters of wires would be further ideas.