The Freedom of Information Essay -- Technology Computers Essays

The Freedom of Information There be different kinds of freedoms freedom of expression, of opinion, of speech, of information, to copy, to own and to read, and freedom from interference and observation. This search is an ethical analysis of the freedom of information in the new Internet era and how the new technology should be implemented globally as a universal human right. Not so many years ago, I still remember in High School my query with books, magazines, and newspapers as the only(prenominal) resources to get information. When I did my undergraduate thesis in Direct Reduced Iron, I could get information thanks to my brother in law this instant from the company that owns the technology. It is not possible to get all the information that you want from the Internet, because some(prenominal) are confidential documents or data with personal information, but there are people that find ways to access information illegally that is not turn out to the general public. These people called Hackers are not acting morally, because they are not respecting the peoples rights of privacy. This case is not included in the freedom of information mentioned in this research, but the issue itself is affecting in some way the freedom of information.Global Information InfrastructureSomething that brought my attention to this subject was the speech of the Vice President Al Gore in 1994 at the supranational Telecommunications Union Conference about his determination for the creation of a network of networks to all members of our societies and his ethical analysis in Global Information Infrastructure (GII). The be after was based on five principlesEncourage private investment Promote competition Create a flexible regulatory framework Provide open access to the network Ensure universal service Now in 2003 we can see the tremend us benefits of GII in all the countries where it has been implemented. When I started to do this research I didnt realize all the advances in commun ications this commitment made. Most of these advances were in the telecommunications labor with private investments and free competition in an industry that was in the past a monopoly. Each country has their own laws in telecommunications, and it is a universal right from an ethical point of view that each idiosyncratic around the world has to have some kind of access to get information. Lets say a li... ...f the person is literate or illiterate. Endnotes1 Deborah G. Johnson and Helen Nissenbaum, Computers, ethics & Social Values (New Jersey Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1995), 621.2 John Weckert and Douglas Adeney, Computer and Information Ethics (Westport Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 1997), 32.3 Johnson and Nissenbaum, 622.4 Motivating a Human Rights Perspective on Access to meshing The Human Right to Communicate. CPSR Newsletter Vol. 18, Number 3.6 June2003 http//www.cpsr.org/publications/newsletter/issues/2000/Summer2000/mciver.html5 Richard A. Spinello, Case Studies in Informa tion and Computer Ethics (New Jersey Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1997), 249.BibliographyHester, D. Micah, and Paul J. Ford. Computers and Ethics in the Cyberage. Prentice-Hall, Inc., 2001.Johnson, Deborah G. Computer Ethics. Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1985.Johnson, Deborah G. and Helen Nissenbaum. Computers, Ethics & Social Values. Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1995.Spinello, Richard A. Case Studies in Information and Computer Ethics. Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1997.Weckert, John and Douglas Adeney. Computer and Information Ethics. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 1997.

Creating a Prototype Security Gate with Lego Mindstorm Essay examples -

SECURITY GATEAbstractFor many years many flock have utilize security supply to take care of parking lots,buildings, and roads. It all started with people watching over restricted areas. Nowadays,we have a more sophisticated system for security gates. You usually have to stop and puta card into the machine or pay a certain total of money. The problem is that you muststop and reach out to insert something in order for the crane arm to lift up. We havethought of an idea to better this current procedure. We have thought of installing aspecial code or device in cars so that every time it stands in a security gate, it sends acode to the security gate, and if its the right code, allow the car in. Using LegoMindstorm, we made a prototype of such a car. We downloaded a NQC code into theRCX of the car(s) and security gate. The NQC will only let the car with the right code in,but it will sound an alarm for all the cars that do not have the correct code. This willkeep everything safer, make the procedure faster, and hopefully make everything easierfor everyone.BackgroundSecurity gates were invented a long time ago. It take down surprised us when we readthe article, Toll Roads in the United States on Wikipedia and found out that they startedto come out in the 1790s. Security gates are also known as turnpikes, toll roads, and tollpikes. Years ago, people would stand in a certain place on a road and collect fees frompeople who used that particular road. After several individuals noticed that a lot of peoplewere doing this to get money, they eventually got together to from companies. Thesecompanies used the money to improve the roads instead of collecting the money andkeeping it to themselves. The... ...SendMessage(3)ClearMessage()Wait(1)*/SendMessage(3)Wait(1)SendMessage(3)PlayTone(1800, 200)On(LEFT+RIGHT)Wait(200)find()follow()Rejected Car//motors and sensorsdefine LEFT OUT_Adefine RIGHT OUT_Cdefine spunk SENSOR_2//thresholddefine BLACK_LIGHT 34define BLACK_DARK 38ta sk main()SetTxPower(TX_POWER_HI)SetPower(LEFT+RIGHT, 1)SetSensor(EYE, SENSOR_LIGHT)On(LEFT+RIGHT)Fwd(LEFT+RIGHT)until(EYEBLACK_LIGHT && EYEWait(8)Off(LEFT+RIGHT)ClearMessage()repeat(10)SendMessage(4)until(Message() =0)//ClearMessage()//until(Message() =0)if(Message() == 5)Wait(120)On(LEFT+RIGHT)Rev(LEFT+RIGHT)Wait(120)SetPower(LEFT+RIGHT, 7)Fwd(LEFT)Rev(RIGHT)Wait(95)SetPower(LEFT+RIGHT, 1)Fwd(LEFT+RIGHT)Wait(100)Off(LEFT+RIGHT)

Apush Dbq 2

During the upper-case letter, Adams, and Jefferson administrations (from 1776 to 1807) impersonality was the Statess main foreign policy. In determining that neutrality was the overall focus of the Statesn diplomacy, one must task the deviations from, as well as the success, of neutrality. Neutrality was originally implemented by George capital letter in order to confirm the young countrys vanquish interests. However, lapses in neutrality occurred when the government was laboured to favor one foreign power, either Great Britain or France, through treaties.Furthermore, commercial interests ultimately drove Americas decisions and thus influenced the effectiveness of neutrality. Despite such lapses in success, Americas number one foreign policy remained neutrality. Political leaders plant involvement in European affairs to be irrelevant and detrimental to the young nation, thus neutrality was the primary focus of America. George Washington was a buckram leap outer of neutralit y despite his highly opinionated cabinet (Hamilton was pro-British and Jefferson pro- neck).In 1793, in response to King Louis XVIs beheading in the French Revolution, Washington issued the Proclamation of Neutrality which stated that America would adopt and pursue a conduct friendly and impartial toward the belligerent Powers (D). Washington opted to remain neutral in order to avoid conflict with Britain and France, refusing to side with either one. Furthermore, Washington emphasized the necessity of neutrality in his farewell address in 1796. He explained that the great rule of conduct for Americans in regard to foreign nations was to have s little political connection as possible (J). Thus, Washington effected the importance of neutrality which was also supported by deception Adams. During the Revolutionary fight (right after the Battle of Saratoga) the Americans formed the Franco-American confederacy and gained French support from the king. However, John Adams wrote in h is diary in 1775, That We ought not to enter into any Alliance with her France, which should entangle Us in any future Wars in Europe, (A). Adams supported Washingtons push for neutrality and recognized the consequences of forming an alliance with France.Adams was right about the Franco-American Alliance, which later resulted in France seeking American aide against Britain after Louis XVI was beheaded. On the other hand, Adams approved Jays conformity with Great Britain which upset the French who were at war with the British. Jays Treaty settled the return of confiscated goods and ships to the Americans and pass oned that pre-Revolutionary War debts must be paid as stated in the Treaty of Paris in 1783. Americans had avoided these debts even though the Treaty of Paris stated that creditors on either side shall meet o the recovery of the full value in sterling money of all bona fide debts heretofore contr practiseed, (E). During the Jefferson administration, foreign tensions rose an d finally lead to the War of 1812. Jefferson also enforced neutrality, claiming in his Inaugural Address in 1801 that the nation will maintain honest friendship with all nations, entangling alliances with none (K). Such ideas were ostensible in his response to the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair. In 1807, the British warship Leopard fired on an American warship, the Chesapeake, killing three Americans and impregnateing four others.Impressment was the act of forcing American sailors into the British navy as depicted in document M (M). Instead of declaring war as many American citizens wanted, Jefferson issued the Embargo Act, which cut off all American shipping to Europe in an attempt to cripple the British economy and prevent them from confiscating American goods and impressing their sailors. However, Jeffersons attempt to maintain neutrality back-fired and crippled the American economy more than Europes. Conflicts surrounded by Great Britain and France often caused lapses in America s focus on neutrality.Specifically, during the Washingtons administration and the French Revolution, Citizen Genet, the French minister to America, broke the typical rules of diplomacy by appealing directly to the American people. He called for American support of the French Revolution, pointing to the Franco-American Alliance which stated that the two nations shall make all efforts in its Power, against their common enemy Britain (C). Such support would directly violate Americas primary foreign policy, neutrality.Thus, Washington refused to support the French Revolution and make an enemy of Great Britain. This decision pettishnessed pro-French Americans who supported Frances aspiration to establish a republic. As a result, Thomas Jefferson, who was pro-French, resigned from his position of Secretary of State in disagreement with Washingtons Proclamation of Neutrality. The ratification of Jays Treaty with Great Britain further infuriated French supporters, failed to solve the issu e of British impressment, and even promised that Americans would pay pre-Revolutionary War debt to Britain (F).Moreover, it caused the French to be outraged with the Americans and started French ecstasy of American ships. Political tensions between the three nations continued during John Adams presidency with the XYZ Affair in 1798. Three French agents, known only as X, Y, and Z, demanded a high fee from American delegates to enter negotiations for a treaty regarding the French seizure of American ships. This tested the young nations focus on neutrality as outraged Americans called for war with France.As a result, neutrality was pushed aside as the Quasi War, which was never officially declared, broke out. The public anger caused by the war strengthened the Federalist party, who used the power to pass the Alien, Sedition, and Naturalization Acts. These Acts limited Democratic-Republican power by increasing the number of years required for immigrants to fit citizens (Naturalization Act), by authorizing the president to deport aliens deemed a threat to the nation (Alien Act), and by making it illegal for newspaper editors to criticize the president or Congress (Sedition Act).The radiation pattern of 1800 concluded the Quasi War, however impressment continued into Jeffersons presidency during the Napoleonic Wars, making it more difficult for the young nation to maintain neutrality. Thus, conflicts between Great Britain and France often involved America despite the American focus on neutrality. Commercial interests often times caused disruptions of neutrality and competed as a precession of the young nation. Because mercantile system was of high importance to the growing nation, neutrality, in order to maintain trade, was necessary.Thomas Paine even stated, Our plan is commerce, and emphasized the importance of neutrality to the American economy by saying we ought to form no political connection with any part of it Europe, (B). For instance, Jays Treaty negat ively abnormal American commerce and political relations with France. Additionally, James Madison criticized the treaty as being ready to sacrifice the dearest interests of our commerce (G). The treaty not only affected political diplomacy with France, but also affected relations with Spain and their North American colonies.Spain saw the treaty as a sign that the Americans were building an alliance with Britain and felt a need to strengthen their American territories. This lead to Pinckneys Treaty, in 1795, which set the boundary line between the United States and the Spanish territories, as well as allowed the use of the Mississippi River and the Louisiana sea port to both the Americans and the Spanish (H). Pinckneys Treaty protected American commerce along the Mississippi and resulted in peaceful relations with Spain. Later, during Adams presidency, the seizure of American merchant ships by France raised tensions that resulted in the Quasi War.The disruption of American commerce forced the nation to disregard neutrality in order to protect their trading rights. The Convention of 1800 concluded the war and promised that Property captured shall be mutually restored (I). The Convention revealed the evident commercial intentions of the Quasi War and set the American economy as a priority equal to that of neutrality. However, Great Britain continued to seize American ships and impress American sailors. Instead of engaging in war, Jefferson opted to pass the Embargo Act of 1807 in an attempt to sustain neutrality.The Act prevented trade with any European nation, attempting to molest Britains economy and preclude impressment. Unfortunately, the plan backfired and devastated the American economy. Thus, Americans felt a greater need to deviate from neutrality in order to better their commerce. Although America faced disruptions in neutrality, ultimately, it remained the nations overall primary foreign policy. From 1776 to 1807, neutrality kept the young nation ou t of unnecessary European conflicts and served to maintain the countrys best interests.

Football player Essay

The amount of extra oxygen required by muscle tissue during recovery from vigorous exercise. The extra oxygen gets release of the lactic blistering in your muscles after exercise. Difference between Aerobic and Anaerobic teaching The main difference between aerobic and anaerobic homework is that one and only(a) uses oxygen whilst the other uses lactic superman. Aerobic go bying uses the oxygen in your muscles to produce the energy. To improve the amount of time which you argon able to sort out at aerobic level you sess do aerobic exercises, these be normally done at a mode say pace which your be mass cope with.On the other hand anaerobic training is when the oxygen in your muscles run out so you rely on lactic acid to give you energy. The energy released does non last for long however is very powerful. The lactic acid causes your muscles to start aching though and can result in vomiting. Anaerobic respiration occurs when you work your body flat out and use all the ener gy available. Effect of Lactic Acid on the muscles Lactic acid is a waste product that is produced by your muscles when exercising. When the body has no oxygen left in the muscles it has to revert to anaerobic respiration which uses lactic acid to gain energy.The lactic acid though makes your muscles ache and tire so is non very efficient. Difference in composition between inhaled and exhaled air The air that we evanesce in and the air which we breathe out, have different compositions. The main difference is that in exhaled air there is much carbon dioxide comp atomic number 18d with inhaled air where there is more oxygen. However in both types nitrogen is the highest percentage. Here argon the components of inhaled air, 79% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, a little water vapour,0. 04% carbon dioxide whereas exhaled air contains79% nitrogen17% oxygen3% carbon dioxide, a little water vapour.As you can contrive from the two lists they are basically the same however there is more carbon diox ide and less oxygen in exhaled air. Effects of exercise on breathing and heart rate A lot of exercise can also affect your respiratory and circulative system, because your heart gets bigger due to aerobic training, it is now a better pump so more blood can be circulated around your body per beat than before. This also subject matter that your resting heart rate decreases. A sign of good health is whether you have a low heart rate.The average is 70BPM (beats per minute), if you are unhealthy then your heart leave have to work harder to pump blood all around your body which makes heart attacks more likely. Effects of Training In this section I will explain the effects on the body that I will expect to see when my Personal Exercise stick out has been completed over the 6 weeks. After completing my PEP my muscles should change in size and specialisation due to the exercises I have chosen. The muscles should grow large with the exercise because the muscle fibres in the muscle will get fatter. Muscles are built from fibres which are either fast twitch or slow twitch.The strength of the muscle should also improve with exercise, by doing exercises with heavy weights and few reps the muscle strength will be maturationd. If I changed the exercise to many reps with a gently weight then my muscles will gain more endurance. But as I am a goalkeeper then I will not concentrate as much on the endurance training. Changes to Vital Capacity and Tidal Volume in the lungs From completing my 6 week training act I should be able to see changes in my Vital Capacity and Tidal Volume. VC= Your Vital Capacity is the maximum amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled from your lungs.TV= Your Tidal Volume is all the air inhaled and exhaled in a minute. With training the respiratory system I will expect to see an increase in both of these factors. These increases are down to the lungs as training on my respiratory system will make them bigger so I will be able to inhale and exhale more air per breath. SV = Stroke Volume is the deal of blood pumped out of the heart during one contraction. Due to exercise this should increase as your heart will be stronger, therefore it will be able to pump a larger volume of blood around the body.CO = Cardiac Output is the amount of blood which is pumped from your heart each minute. This can be worked out by multiplying your shock volume with your heart rate. This should also increase with exercise, by the same reasons as your stroke volume increases, as your heart is stronger. Recovery rate = Your recovery rate is the amount of time it takes you to fully recover after exercise. The fitter you are the shorter your recovery rate is. As I am a goalkeeper I will not be concentrating on this too much as it is not that important, although for an outfield player it is very important.SPORT Principles of training The main principles of training are shown in the acronym SPORT, by using these in my PEP I should end up with a successf ul training programme. The different sections are S= Specificity Specificity means that I will train specific muscles used in my sport. This could include exercises and drills that relate to moves and skills I need in football as a goalkeeper. I will specify flexibility and muscular strength as these are the two components most vital for my sport. P= Progression Progression is when you gradually increase the amount or intensity of your exercise.This will improve your muscles as you are increasing the amount of work they do. An example of progression is starting week 1 with a 2 mile run once a week then progressing to a 3 mile run in week 2. O= Overload Fitness can only be improved by doing more than you usually do. This is called overloading. You must be careful though as if you do too much training you will end up injuring yourself. An example is doubling the distance of your runs or doubling the weight of your weights. R= Reversibility Reversibility occurs when you do not train . As your muscles are not being worked they will begin to weaken.All the improvements you have made from training will be reversed. For example if a sportsman becomes injured and is unable to train they will lose their work. So that reversibility does not affect me I will have 3 training sessions per week. T= Tedium Tedium is when you become bored with your training, this is because your training plan does not have much variety and you end up doing the same exercises. To avoid tediousness I will include a variety of exercises so my PEP is not boring. FITT Principles When using overload I can use the FITT principles of training which are F= FrequencyFrequency is to do with how often I should train. I will include 3 training sessions a week in my ad hominem exercise plan this is a sufficient amount as I am not a professional sportsman who will probably train around 5 times a week. By doing 3 sessions a week I will also minimise the chance of reversibility as I will not have a large ga p of time when I am not exercising. To make sure that my PEP is well set out I will not have to exercise in 2 consecutive days, for example I will train on Monday, Wednesday and Friday. I= Intensity Intensity is based on how hard you push yourself whilst doing your training.It is measured by MHR (Maximum Heart Rate) for example a 3 mile run at 70% MHR. As I progress through the training programme the intensity of my exercises will increase. For the first week I may start functional at 65% MHR which is not too hard however by the 6th week I will be working at 80% MHR which will be working my body very hard. T= Time Time is the distance I will train for during each session of my PEP. It can vary from sprinting for 10 seconds to jogging for an hour. Time will be used in my exercise plan as I will increase the length of time spent on each exercise as I progress through the 6 weeks to show progression.T= Type There are different types of training, continuous training, fartlek training, circuit training, aerobic training and interval training, I will mainly use circuit, interval and aerobic training as these will be of most help to me. Fartlek and continuous training both contain a lot of running, which will not be useful to me as I play in goal. However I will use aerobic training as it will help me with my flexibility and agility, whilst interval and circuit training can use many exercises which I can choose myself. This will also lessen the chance of tedium occurring.

Porters Five Forces Us Airlines Industry Case Study Essay

The year 2011 was another dismal one for US airlines in wrong of financial performance. Despite an increase in both passenger numbers and revenues for the year, simoleons were down on 2010. In total, US airlines earned net profits of about $0.4 billion, representing a net margin of less than 1%. The dire financial state of the labor was underlined by AMR (the parent of American Airlines) entering Chapter 11 bankruptcy in November 2011. This ended AMRs distinguished record of being the only one of the major legacy airlines to have avoided bankruptcy. In 2005, Delta, United, Northwest, and US Airways had alone fi led for bankruptcy protection. The early months of 2012 offered little hope of improvement. Airline revenues were up by 8.2% during the first quarter of 2012 compared to the same quarter of 2011. However, as a vector sum of higher costs, net income was down by 73.6% net margins had deteriorated from 3.2% to 5.2%. 1 The woes of the US airline industry during the 21st centu ry were typically attributed to the triple-whammy of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, the high bell of crude oil, and the 2008 financial crash. Certainly, each of these was a powerful force in boosting costs and depressing demand. Yet, the financial problems of the US airline industry predated these events. Even during the slackly prosperous 1990s, the US airline industry had been barely profitable. Outside the US, the state of the airline business was little better. The IATA, the worldwide association of airlines, showed that the global airline industry had consistently failed to earn returns that covered its cost of capital

Beauty Pageants and Our Children Essay

Alost 3 million squirtren, most of them female childs, from the ages of 6 months and 17 years compete in lulu parades annually in America. Competition can be local and national and they compete in categories such as swimwear, talent, costume of your choice, and eveningwear. This is an industry where mothers give her daughter energy drinks for a boost before pageants, 3-year-olds sham fake fingernails, and parents regularly spend five thousand dollars on a childs pageant outfit (ONeill 1). Beauty pageants drop negative consequences on Americas youth contestants through and through the pressure to be perfect, media influences, and child sexualization, which results in exhaustion, eating disorders, and body figure of speech issues in their future.In recent years, the child beauty pageant industry has exponentially gr protest in size and popularity. This growth is mainly due to television shows, such as Toddlers & Tiaras and Here Comes love life Boo Boo that may be entertaining but exploit little girls in the process. These reality shows expose the behind-the-scenes horrors of beauty pageants that most plurality were oblivious too before. These shows have alike revealed the use of energy supplements to improve the contestants performance, age-inappropriate costumes, intense and awing beauty regimens.Alana Thompson, featured on TLCs Toddlers & Tiaras, is a seven-year-old beauty queen, nicknamed Honey Boo Boo, whose mother frequently gives her the infamous Go-Go Juice, a mix of Red Bull and Mountain Dew, before pageants. It is common companionship that energy drinks are bad for ones health, but every nutritionist in the world would agree that Red Bull for a seven-year-old is hugely dangerous. Alana now has her own reality television show Here Comes Honey Boo Boo.Parents are not only harming their childrens health but also their moral. On one Toddlers & Tiaras episode, Paisley, merely 3-years-old, sported a costume based on the prostitute in Pretty Woman . In a 2011 episode, Madiysyn Mady Versts mother alter out the then-4-year-olds chest with fake breasts and an impossibly round behind for a Dolly Parton routine. Experts in child development argue the difference amid playing dress-up and making a profession out of it. Little girls are supposed to play with dolls, not be dolls, says Mark Sichel, a New York-based pass clinical social worker, who calls the extreme grooming common at pageants a form of child abuse. Playing dress-up is normal and healthy, but when its demanded, it leaves the child not knowing what they want, he says. Accentuating their appearance with such accoutrements as fake hair, teeth, spray tans and breast padding causes the children tremendous confusion, wondering why they are not authorize without those things (Triggs 1).All of this confusion and body image problems is instilled in child beauty pageant contestants at a very young age. Ultimately, this leads to eating disorders, psychological issues, and fam ily relationship problems in the contestants later years. A study conducted at the University of Minnesota by Anna Wonderlich, Diann Ackard, and Judith Henderson showed the correlation between childhood beauty pageants and adult disordered eating, body dissatisfaction, depression, and egoism (Wonderlich 1). The results of this scientific experiment proved that for all the tests that assessed characteristics of anorexia and bulimia nervosa scores for those who had participated in beauty pageants were higher than scores for those who had not participated (Wonderlich 5).These results indicate a significant tie-up between childhood beauty pageant participation and increased body dissatisfaction, difficulty trusting interpersonal relationships, and greater impulsive behaviors, and indicate a bring down toward increased feelings of ineffectiveness (Wonderlich 6). Another example of the destructive effects of childhood beauty pageant is Brooke Breedwell, now nineteen, who was a child pa geant contestant and a star of the television documentary, Painted Babies. As a girl, Breedwell suffered from stress and anxiety while striving for an unrealistic standard of perfection. In various interviews, she explains that her mothers ambition, conjugate with her own obsessive drive to win, resulted in severe social and psychological consequences (Ahrens 86).Another negative consequence of childhood beauty pageants is the disturbing sexualization of young girls that steals out their treasured innocenceas if eating disorders and body image problems were not enough. Former child beauty queen Nicole Hunter confirms this theory by explaining that ski binding and acting like a woman at a young age compelled her to prematurely confront her sexuality, which in turn lowered her self-esteem (Liberman 741). The child pageant circuit concentrates on the ideals of perfection and beauty, with an accompanying focus on sexuality. Innocent girls dressed in skimpy costumes parade and jump, remove pieces of their outfits and wink at judges. Basically, young beauty queens are taught to flirt and manipulate their early sexuality in order to win.Though frequently condemned for such eccentric and minus practices, the child pageant industry has been gaining success and extensive popularity (Liberman 745). Additionally, reporter Richard Goldstein investigated the JonBenet Ramsey, a child beauty queen, murder case and brought to the surface both our horror at how effectively a child can be constructed as a sexual being and our guilt at the please we take in such a sight (Giroux 50). Her dynamic role in pageants was vastly examined by media after the murder. After JonBenets highly publicized murder, the problems of child beauty pageants, specially the degradation of young girls, are first brought to societys attention.Although many pageant parents argue that the press unfairly focused on the connection of beauty pageants to Jon Benets murder, these defenders rarely address t he concerns of robbing a child of her virtue by depicting young girls as sexualized nymphets. They have little to say rough what adolescents really gain in pageants. Those in favor of the pageants overlook how a child might see herself and her ability to form relationships with society when her feelings of self-worth is demulctd solely through a belief that beauty is one-dimensional and patronizing (Giroux 54-55).No five-year-old child enjoys getting her hair ripped out and teased, spending hours each day practicing exhausting dance routines, or devoting every weekend traveling to pageants rather than playing with friends. It is the beauty pageant contestants mother who forces them to endure these strenuous and sometimes painful rituals in order to achieve their own satisfaction. When feminist writer-performer, StaceyAnn Chin first saw Toddlers & Tiaras she was flabbergasted by the parents who were so invested in these contests they got angry if their girls showed any signs of fla gging. In regards to the infamous pageant moms, Chin states that, the pageant reminded me a little of dog showstiny, powerless competitors trained to do as they are told, with trainers who exploit their charges to gain fame and peck and live out some archaic dream they once had for themselves (Chin 1).The vast majority of pageant moms deny the harmful effects beauty pageants have own their child. Pageant mothers often neutralize their deviant behavior of enrolling their daughter in pageants by claiming pageants help their daughter rather than hurt. Also, mothers deny their own responsibility as the accountable parent by claiming that her daughter chooses to participate in beauty pageants (Pannell 68). Every single pageant mom asked in a study about childhood beauty pageants talked about competitors winning prize money, crowns, trophies and gifts in child beauty pageants (Mosel-Talavera 81).Some mothers deceptively sign their children up for pageants to exploit their daughters fina ncially. One pageant mother says that there is a very infamous pageant child that always wins a large sum of money, There is one little girl down South shes the daughter of one of the biggest known photographers. In six weeks time she went from pageant to pageant and won like $40,000. In the summer of 2005, there was another child, whose mother also owns a pageant business, who won three cars at pageants (Levey 204-205). These examples clearly reveal the evils of parents exploiting their children in pageants for their own selfish rewards.In childhood beauty pageants, the pressure from parents, influence from the media, and the desire to win all lead to disastrous consequences for the participants, which will stay with them for the rest of their life. Eating disorders, body image issues, and an early loss of innocence are just a few of the consequences these precious girls will have to deal with in their lifetime. No child should have to struggle with these problems at such a young age. Although little girls dressed up in frilly dresses and tiaras may be cute, there is a fine line between a fun beauty pageant and ruining a young girls life.

Ioi Corporation

IOI Corporation Case Study 1. IOI strong growth was achieved through a. Good plantation management practice * Continues improvements on yields carrying into action * Maximize output from plantation and factories and minimize input to achieve a low-cost supply chain b. Diversified business base in bay wreath oil industry, from downstream sector to upstream sector 2. IOI opportunities and threats c. Opportunity * Continues growth on palm oil in edible oils & fats market globally * append in non-food industry demand, like biofuel.Now, market is focus on renewable energy. Palm oil has been identified as one of the efficient and clean biofuel * everlasting(a) palm oil price getting higher and stable family-on-year. * Sales of properties at prime area especially in Singapore have been further * Expansion in Indonesia with recent planting permit approval to the groups directly owned plantations d. Threat * Major revenue is come from trade markets to Europe and US. Weak economic situa tion affect the demand on palm oil. With limited land bank in Malaysia * Unfavorable weather civilize * Shortage of estate workers * Fierce competition from Sime Darby and Indonesia and upcoming markets like Africa and Brazil are catching up 3. Internal organization capabilities and it weakness. e. Top 3 administrator directors are family members. Decisions making are among family members, higher chances in power abusing and lack of transparency f. Has operations in many countries, expose to foreign exchange danger 4. Change and unchanged g. Change Family based share holders lack of transparency. Need to maintain good relationship with stakeholders to increase the efficiency of the group h. Unchanged * weave culture research, leading to cultivation of clonal palms with superior traits * Continuous improvement in productivity and efficiency of its operations * Sustainable environmental friendly practices IOI monetary Analysis FY2012 1. Current liquidity ratio = Current asset / C urrent liability 2012 (RM000) 2011 (RM000) 9,185,620 / 2,202,499= 4. 7 7,703,105 / 2,288,028= 3. 36 The group ratio increased in year 2012 2. Total debt to total asset = (short term debt + long term debt) / total asset 2012 (RM000) 2011 (RM000) 10,148,965 / 23,064,868= 0. 44 7,393,721 / 19,655,119= 0. 37 Total funds that areprovided by creditors is change magnitude in year2012 3. Total asset turnover = Sales / total asset 2012 (RM000) 2011 (RM000) 15,640,272 / 23,064,868= 0. 67 16,154,251 / 19,655,119= 0. 82 4. Profitability = net income / sales 2012 (RM000) 2011 (RM000) ,828,529 / 15,640,272= 0. 11 2,290,513 / 16,154,251= 0. 14 After tax profits decreased per ringgit of sales 5. Market grade * EPS = 0. 2785 * P/E = 18. 2047 * Price per share = 5. 07 * (Current assets current liabilities) / ordinary shares = (9,185,620 2,202,499) / 6,419,174 = 1. 08 * Fair value = (5. 07 / 2) + (1. 08 / 2) = 2. 535 + 0. 54 = 3. 075 IOI groups profit is decreased on year 2012. The market fair val ue is much lower than the actual price per share. The pickaxe is to sell the share instead of buying it.